Transcript The Rise of Greek City-States Chapter 5 Sec.2 Sparta

Mr. Marsh
Columbus North High School
THE RISE OF GREEK CITY-STATES
CHAPTER 5 SEC.2
SPARTA
GEOGRAPHY OF THE GREEK HOMELAND

Where rivers played a major role in the
development of Mesopotamia and other River
Valley Civilizations the Mediterranean and the
Aegean Sea developed the City-States of
Greece
GEOGRAPHY CONT’

Mountains and Valleys



Greece is apart of the
Balkan Peninsula
Mountains divide the
peninsula into many isolated
valleys
The Seas


Hundreds of bays create
safe harbor for ships
Seas allowed for trade and
communication with other
civilizations
THE GEOGRAPHY OF GREECE INFLUENCED THE
CULTURE’S DEVELOPMENT BY
A.
B.
C.
D.
offering vast, open plains subject to
invasion.
encouraging unity among the city-states.
providing good harbors and bays that
encouraged trade.
encouraging farming but limiting foreign
trade.
CITY-STATES

Polis-City plane developed by the Greeks
 City
was built on two levels
 Top

Level stood the acropolis
Temple dedicated to the City-States god or goddess
 Second
houses
Level stood the market place, public buildings
IN ANCIENT GREECE, FREE MEN WERE CITIZENS
OF WHAT POLITICAL UNIT?
A.
B.
C.
D.
the Greek empire
the Greek nation
the state called Greater Greece
independent city-states
EARLY GOVERNMENTS

Early Greek city-states were lead by a monarchy


As nobles became more powerful the monarchies left
and the development or an aristocracy came into play


Ruled by king or Queen
Rule by the landowning elite
With the creation of a middle class we saw the
development of a oligarchy

Power in the hands of a small, powerful elite typically the
business class
CHANGES IN WARFARE

By 650 B.C. iron weapons
replaced bronze

Iron was cheaper and
stronger then bronze


More people could afford
weapons which in turn
meant more people could
be apart of the city-states
army
Creation of the Phalanx

Massive military formation
SPARTA
SPARTA

Ares-Greek god of War



People of Sparta were
Dorian's
Found in Peloponnesian
Slaves that were prisoners of
war and state-owned were
known as Helots

Helots far outnumbered
citizens of Sparta so strict
control and a brutal
punishment system existed
SPARTA

Government
 Sparta
was governed by a monarchy of two kings
and a council of elders
 An
assembly was made up of citizens
 Citizens
were native-born males over the age of 30
MEN OF SPARTA
Sparta was a Military State
 Sick children were left to die


At age seven boys began to train and they
moved into military barracks

At age 20 they could marry but could not move
out of the military barracks until the age of 30
WOMEN OF SPARTA

Girls were expected to exercise and strengthen
their bodies
 Strong
women made strong boys which made a
strong military

Women had to obey their fathers and or
husbands
 Women
could inherit property as well as run family
estates because of men being off at war
ATHENS: A LIMITED DEMOCRACY

Located in Attica, just
north of Peloponnesus

During the years of Athens
aristocracy wealth and
power grew

As aristocracies became to
powerful discontent spread
across Athens which lead
to a democracy
ATHENS DEVELOPED A UNIQUE TYPE OF GOVERNMENT.
THE TYPE OF GOVERNMENT DEVELOPED IN ATHENS
WITH ALL CITIZENS TAKING PART IS KNOWN AS
A.
B.
C.
D.
a democracy
an aristocracy.
a monarchy.
a tyranny.
SOLON’S REFORMS

Appointed archon (AHR kahn) or chief official in
594 BC
Outlawed slavery for debt
 Opened high offices to more citizens
 Granted citizenship to foreigners
 Economic Reform

 Encouraged
trade
RISE OF TYRANTS

Tyrants-people who gained power through force

Tyrants often gained power by granting aid to
the merchant class

Tyrant meant person in power does not mean
ruler
REFORMERS

Pisistratus (ps SIHS truh tuhs) seized power in 546 BC



Took land from the nobles and gave to the poor
Created government building projects which gave poor
people jobs
Cleisthens (KLIS thuh neez)


Created a council of 500
First legislature
Law making body
 All males over the age of 30 were members of the assembly

MEN OF ATHENS

Male citizens could participate in congress

Boys attended school (if the families could
afford it)

Studied to become great public speakers
 Music,
poetry, reading, writing, and arithmetic
WOMEN OF ATHENS

Well to-do women lived in seclusion
 Wove,

cared for their children and prepared food
Poorer women worked outside the home
tending sheep and working as spinners,
weavers and potters
FORCES FOR UNITY

Even though each city-state was independent
the Greeks shared a common culture
 Spoke
the same language
 Same ancient heroes
 Common festivals
 Same gods and goddess