Transcript The City States Ch. 10 - Wyalusing Area School District

The City States
Ch. 10
I. Polis
 Polis
means city-state
 Many city-states in ancient Greece
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Athens
Sparta
Ithaca
Corinth
 Governments
varied as each city was
independent
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Monarchies early on
Oligarchies and democracies emerged
Citizenship meant
• Participate in government
• Own property
• Defend polis
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Acropolis- sacred hill
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Agora- market area
Spartan Soldier
II. Sparta
 Government-
democratic monarchial oligarchy
Kings – 2 of them
Ephors- 5 men over 60
ran the military
charge of education
charge of infant selection committee
Council-28 nobles
Supreme criminal court
 Life
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Examined at birth
Age 7 sent to military camp
Age of 20 became hoplite
• Given certain rights
• Allowed to marry
• Remained in camp
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Age of 30 became equal
• Given plot of land
• Able to take part in government and war
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Age 60, retired if still alive
 Society
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Spartan
• Defended polis
• Ran government
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Perioeci
• Craftsman and traders
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Helots
• Slaves who worked the land
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SPARTAN STORIES
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Plutarch, The Ancient Customs of the Spartans 2 [Moralia 236F]:
"A thing that met with especial approval among them was their so-called black broth
[zomos], so much that the older men did not require a bit of meat, but gave up all of it
to the young men. It is said that Dionysius, the tyrant of Sicily, for the sake of this
bought a slave who had been a Spartan cook, and ordered him to prepare the broth
for him, sparing no expense. But when the king tasted it, he spat it out in disgust,
whereupon the cook said, 'O King, it is necessary to have exercised in teh Spartan
manner, and to have bathed in the Eurotas, in order to relish this broth."
Plutarch, The Ancient Customs of the Spartans 4 [237A]:
"They learned to read and write for purely practical reasons; but all other forms of
education they banned from the country, books and treatises being included in this
quite as much as men. All their education was directed toward prompt obedience to
authority, stout endurance of hardship, and victory or death in battle."
Plutarch, The Ancient Customs of the Spartans 6 [237B]:
"The young men slept together, according to division [ile] and company [angele],
upon pallets which they themselves brought together by breaking off by hand, without
any implement, the tops of the reeds which grew on the banks of the Eurotas. In the
winter they put beneath their pallets, and intermingled with them, the plant called
lykophron, since the material is reputed to possess some warming qualities."
Continued
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A messenger returned to Sparta from a battle. The women clustered
around. To one, the messenger said, “Mother, I bring sad news:
your son was killed facing the enemy.” The mother said, “He is my
son.” “Your other son is alive and unhurt,” said the messenger. “He
fled from the enemy.” The mother said, “He is not my son.”
A different messenger returned from a battle and was hailed by a
Spartan mother: “How fares our country, herald?” The messenger
burst into tears. “Mother, I pity you,” he said. “All five of your sons
have been killed facing the enemy.” “You fool!” said the woman. “I
did not ask of my sons. I asked whether Sparta was victorious!”
“Indeed, Mother, our warriors have prevailed.” “Then I am happy,”
said the mother, and she turned and walked home.
 Most
societies admire Sparta but refuse to
imitate. Why?
Spartan Soldier
III. Athens
 Rise
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of Democracy
Athens ruled by an oligarchy
Rich in Athens lived on luxurious estates
Poor lived on small farms and had trouble
paying bills
Many became enslaved because debt!
Poor threaten to rebel. What do you do???
 Reformers
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Solon
• Dismissed outstanding debt
• Freed some slaves
• Limited ownership of land
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Peisistratus
• Divide up large estates
• Land no longer requirement for citizenship
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Cleisthenes
• Expanded citizenship
• Athens first democracy
Athenian Democracy
Commander in Chief
10 Generals
Council of 500
Chosen by lot
Daily business
Assembly______
All males over 20
Passed laws
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Life in Athens
Male dominated society
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Women
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Ran the government
Went to war
Owned business’
Took care of homes
Rarely attended any public festivals
Children
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Went to elementary schools to learn a wide variety of
subjects. “Healthy mind is as important as healthy
body”
At age 13, wealthy boys went to higher school, poor
taught a trade.
Military school at age 18-20
Movie 300
Persian Wars
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Battle of Marathon
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Persian vs. Athenians
490 BC
Plains of Marathon
Athenians attack
Persians as they are
unloading from ships
Athenian victory
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Battle of Thermopylae
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Greeks vs. Persians
480 BC
Thermopylae
Persian army crushes
Greek army led by the
Spartans
Persian victory
Persian Wars Continued
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Battle of Salamis
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Greeks vs. Persians
480 BC
Strait of Salamis
Greek ships are able
to defeat much larger
Persian ships
King Xerxes orders a
retreat
Strait of Salamis
IV. Decline of the City States
 Delian
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League
Defensive league
Athens dominates and uses dues to rebuild
city
Athens enters into a Golden Age led by
Pericles
Anti-Athenian feelings develop over time,
why?
Parthenon- Temple to honor
Athena
Greek Theater
Greek art
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Peloponnesian War
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Athens vs. Sparta
Athens defeated
Sparta rules over
much of Greece until
Phillip of Macedonia
invades Greece