Transcript What are the functions of the lymphatic system?

2.04 Understand the
functions and disorders of the
lymphatic system
2.04 Understand the
functions and disorders
of the lymphatic system
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What are the functions of the lymphatic system?
What is the importance of the lymphatic system as
it relates to immunity?
How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to
the lymphatic system?
What are some disorders of the lymphatic system
and how are they treated?
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
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The Lymphatic System
What are the functions of the lymphatic system?
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The Lymphatic System
Fluid balance
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Why is this important?
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Carries digested food, O2 and
hormones to cells
Carries wastes back to
capillaries for excretion
What happens during this
process?
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Fluid
IN
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Fluid
OUT
What is the relevance to
health?- Body would not get
things it needs, fluid overload
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The Lymphatic System
Lymphocyte production
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What are lymphocytes? Type
of WBC
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What do they do? Fights
infections
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What is their relevance to health?
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The Lymphatic System
Filtration
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What does a filter do?
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How do filters relate to the lymphatic system?
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The Lymphatic System
Immunity
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Natural Immunity
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Immunity Notes
Handout
Acquired Immunity
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Passive Acquired Immunity
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Active Acquired Immunity
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Natural Acquired Immunity
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Artificial Acquired Immunity
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The Lymphatic System
Immunity
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What is immunity?
-the body’s ability to
resist bacterial invasion
and disease. 2 general
types- natural and
acquired
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2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
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The Lymphatic System
Natural immunity
natural immunity-
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Natural Immunity
NATURAL Passive IMMUNITY- at birth, inherited
and permanent. Includes:
 Unbroken skin
 Mucus and tears
 Blood phagocytes
 Local inflammation
Natural ACQUIRED IMMUNITY- body’s reaction
to invaders
The Lymphatic System
Natural immunity
Discuss the body’s natural immune
processes seen in this picture.
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The Lymphatic System
Acquired immunity: Passive
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Discuss passive
acquired immunity
passive immunity n.
Immunity acquired by
the transfer of antibodies
from another individual,
as through injection or
Understand the functions and
placental transfer to a2.04
disorders of the lymphatic system
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The Lymphatic System
Acquired immunity: Active
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Natural
Discuss Acquired immunity
Active Natural
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ACTIVE ACQUIRED IMMUNITYlasts longer, two types
NATURAL ACQUIRED IMMUNITYresult of having had and recovered from
a disease. For example, a child who had
measles will usually not get it again- child’s
body has manufactured antibodies
 ARTIFICIAL ACQUIRED IMMUNITYcomes from being vaccinated
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The Lymphatic System
Acquired immunity: Active Natural
What is the relevance to health?
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The Lymphatic System
Acquired immunity: Active
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Artificial
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Discuss
Acquired immunity
Active Artificial
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The Lymphatic System
Acquired immunity
Active Artificial
Should immunizations be
required?
Why or why not?
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IMMUNIZATION-artificial resistance to a particular
infection by artificial means
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Antigen injected into a person to stimulate
production of antibodies
The Lymphatic System
REVIEW
What are the functions of the lymphatic system?
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How are these functions relevant to health?
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disorders of the lymphatic system
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The Lymphatic System
Anaphylactic shock
What is it?
 What happens to these body systems?
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Nervous system
Digestive system
Respiratory system
Integumentary system
What is the treatment?
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ANAPHYLAXIS
Severe, sometimes fatal allergic reaction
 Antigen-antibody reaction stimulates a
massive secretion of histamine
 Symptoms- breathing problems, headache,
facial swelling, falling blood pressure,
stomach cramps, and vomiting
 Rx - adrenaline
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The Lymphatic System
AIDS
How is it diagnosed?
What do these terms mean?
 HIV
 ARC
 AIDS
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AIDS/HIV
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Caused by HTLV-III (human T-lymphotropic virus type
III) Commonly caused HIV or Human immunodeficiency
virus.
Affects not only homosexual males but populations
The patient with AIDS cannot fight off cancers and most
infections.
Three responses to HIV infection:
AIDS
ARC (AIDS-related complex)
Asymptomatic infection
Screening tests for HIV/AIDS are available
The Lymphatic System
Acquired Immunodeficiency Disease
Syndrome (AIDS)
How is it transmitted?
What is the incubation period?
What are the symptoms?
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AIDS
Most severe type of HIV infection
 Subject to OPPORTUNISTICS
INFECTIONS- a healthy person would
fight off these infections, but a person with
AIDS has a compromised immune
response.
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Symptoms of AIDS
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Prolonged fatigue
Persistent fevers or night sweats
Persistent, unexplained cough
Thick coating in throat or on tongue
Easy bruising, unexplained bleeding
Appearance of purple lesions on mucous membranes or
skin that don’t go away
Chronic diarrhea
Shortness of breath
Unexplained lymphadenopathy
Unexplained weight loss, 10 pounds or more, in less
than 2 months
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AIDA-RELATED COMPLEX
(ARC)
Has HIV but not AIDS and develops other
conditions such as:
 Chronic diarrhea
 Chronic lymphadenopathy
 Unexplained weight loss
If life threatening opportunistic infections develop,
then individual is said to have AIDS
ASYMPTOMATIC INFECTION- Has HIV but no
symptoms.
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High-Risk Groups for AIDS – EVERYONE
who participates in risky behaviors.
Transmission by:
1.
Sex with someone who is HIV positive
2.
Sharing needles with infected IV drug users
3.
At birth from infected mother
Cannot be spread by:
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Casual contact
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Through air, feces, food, urine or water
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Coughing, sneezing, embracing, shaking hands and
sharing eating utensils
Prevention:
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Avoid risky behaviors
2.
Standard precautions
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http://abcnews.go.com/Health/magicjohnsons-hiv-announcement-resonates-21years/story?id=17618361
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The Lymphatic System
Cancer
What is cancer?
Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells
in the body
Who gets cancer?
Why is it included in the lymphatic
system?
The immune system provides one of the body's main
defenses against cancer. When normal cells turn into
cancer cells, some of the antigens on their surface
change. These new or altered antigens flag immune
defenders, natural killer cells, and macrophages.
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The Lymphatic System
Hodgkin’s disease
What is Hodgkin’s disease?
cancer of the lymph nodes, painless
swelling of lymph nodes is early
symptom.
Treated with chemotherapy and radiation
Who is most likely to develop Hodgkin’s disease?
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The cause is not known. Hodgkin's lymphoma is most common
among people ages 15 - 35 and 50 - 70. Past infection with the
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is thought to contribute to some cases.
Patients with HIV infection are more at risk than the general
population.
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The Lymphatic System
Infectious mononucleosis
What is mononucleosis
most often called?
What causes it?
How is it treated?
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INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS
Caused by virus- Epstein- Barr Virus
 Frequently in young adults and children
 Spread by oral contact (kissing)
 Symptoms – enlarged lymph nodes, fever,
physical and mental, fatigue, leukocytes
 Rx-bed rest
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The Lymphatic System
Lupus erythematosus
What is the classic symptom
of lupus? Rashes, lesions and other skin
conditions are some of the classic and definitive early lupus
symptoms
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What other symptoms might present? Red bumps
on the legs
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Large welts
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Lesions on the fingers or toes
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Sores that take a long time to heal
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Frequent bruising
How is lupus managed? With medications
What is the prognosis? – good if treatment is
followed
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» what is lupus? lupus is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune
system becomes hyperactive and attacks normal, healthy tissue. This results in symptoms such as
inflammation, swelling, and damage to joints, skin, kidneys, blood, the heart, and lungs.
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The Lymphatic System
Lymphadenitis
What is it?
Lymph aden itis
What are the symptoms?
How is it treated? Meds,
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The Lymphatic System
Lymphedema
What is it?
swelling due to a blockage of the lymph passages
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What causes it?
How is it treated? Compression
Manual drainage, exercise
Photo used with written permission by the Mayo Clinic.
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lymphadenitis
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Manual massageManual compression: Massage techniques, known as manual lymph drainage, can be
useful for some people with lymphedema.
Exercises: Exercises that lightly contract and stimulate arm or leg muscles may be
prescribed by the doctor or physical therapist to help stimulate lymph flow.
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disorders of the lymphatic system
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The Lymphatic System
Scleroderma
What is it?
What causes it?
What are some complications of
scleroderma?
How is it treated?
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Scleroderma is a connective tissue disease
that involves changes in the skin, blood
vessels, muscles, and internal organs. It is a
type of autoimmune disorder, a condition
that occurs when the immune system
mistakenly attacks and destroys healthy
body tissue
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Scleroderma is a connective tissue disease
that involves changes in the skin, blood
vessels, muscles, and internal organs. It is a
type of autoimmune disorder, a condition
that occurs when the immune system
mistakenly attacks and destroys healthy
body tissue
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disorders of the lymphatic system
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Fingers or toes that turn blue or white in response to hot and cold temperatures
(See: Raynaud's phenomenon)
Hair loss
Skin hardness
Skin that is abnormally dark or light
Skin thickening, stiffness, and tightness of fingers, hands, and forearm
Small white lumps beneath the skin, sometimes oozing a white substance that
looks like toothpaste
Sores (ulcers) on the fingertips or toes
Tight and mask-like skin on the face
Bone and muscle symptoms may include:
Joint pain
Numbness and pain in the feet
Pain, stiffness, and swelling of fingers and joints
Wrist pain
Breathing problems may result from scarring in the lungs and can include:
Dry cough
2.04 Understand the functions and
Shortness of breath
disorders of the lymphatic system
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The Lymphatic System
Tonsillitis
What are the symptoms?
What are the usual
treatments?
Why would you have
your tonsils removed?
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2.04 Understand the
functions and disorders
of the lymphatic system
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What are the functions of the lymphatic system?
What is the importance of the lymphatic system as
it relates to immunity?
How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to
the lymphatic system?
What are some disorders of the lymphatic system
and how are they treated?
2.04 Understand the functions and
disorders of the lymphatic system
48