Transcript Document

1. Write 5 inferences about how the
geography of Greece would affect
the people ‘s lives that lived here.
2. Finish Greece Vocabulary
G
E
O
G
R
A
P
H
Y
Where on Earth is Greece?
Greece is located on a peninsula that
extends into the Mediterranean Sea.
Greece is almost completely surrounded by water.
Many islands can be found around the peninsula.
Notetaking
Key word or idea
Notes- abbreviated (main idea)
 Geography  Located- peninsula- extends into
Mediterranean Sea-- islands
•Location:
•Continent:
•Southern Europe, bordering
the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea,
and the Mediterranean Sea,
between Albania and Turkey
•Size:
•Europe
•slightly smaller than Alabama
•Climate:
•temperate; mild, wet winters;
hot, dry summers
•Terrain:
•mostly mountains with ranges
extending into sea as
peninsulas or chains of islands
Key word or idea

Geography
of Greece





Notes- abbreviated (main idea)
Located-peninsula- extends into
Mediterranean Sea
Location- continent-- Europe
borders Aegean Sea, Ionian
Sea and Mediterranean Sea
Size- slightly smaller than Mississippi
Climate- temperate; mild, wet winters;
hot, dry summers
Terrain: mostly mountains –
extending into sea as peninsulas
or chains of islands
Much of Greece was rocky and barren and bad for
agriculture. **9 out of 10 acres,
Most Greeks lived along the coast where the
soil was good for farming.
There were many mountains and valleys. The
climate was hot and dry, and rainfall was limited to
the winter months.
What problems did these conditions cause for
farming?
*
Farming in ancient Greece was difficult
due to the limited amount of good soil,
rivers dried up in the summer, and the
land was covered in mountains. It is
estimated that only twenty percent of
the land was usable for growing crops.
The main crops were barley, grapes,
and olives.
*

Key word or idea

farming
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

Notes- abbreviated (main idea)
Difficult: little farmland
rivers dried up in summer
mountains
Main crops: barley, grapes, olives
The Greeks had more problems compared to
the other civilization
when it came to farming!!!!!
Because of the issue with farming, what did
the Greeks do???

Key word or idea

Farming



Trade:
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

Notes- abbreviated (main idea)
Difficult: little farmland
rivers dried up in summer
mountains
Main crops: barley, grapes, olives
Forced to rely on trade for food
Developed into separate city-states
What can we infer because the Greeks
lived separated by mountains?
Do you think they thought of
themselves as one united country or
separate cities?
Justify your answer
Even though they thought of themselves as
separate city-states, what attributes did they
have in common?
•From 3,000-1100 B. C.
•Lived on the island of Crete
•Developed great sea trade
•Developed great culture
•Art and Agriculture
• lived on mainland
• reached height of power around 1400 B. C.
• gained much power through trade
Civilization- a culture that builds cities and
has achievements in art,
literature, science, and technology.
Roles of Men, Women, and Children
The ancient Greeks were very proud of their city-state!
The ancient Greeks were thinkers. They loved to talk.
They honored their gods and respected honor. They loved
beauty, music, literature, drama, philosophy, politics and
art.

Key word or idea

civilization
************
 Daily Life:

Notes- abbreviated (main idea)
a culture that
1. builds cities
2. has achievements in art,
literature, science, and technology
**********************************
 proud of city-state
 Loved to talk, think
 Loved beauty, music, literature,
drama, philosophy, politics art
 Honor- IMPORTANT
 Honored gods,

polis
temple
refuge
acropolis
* * *
*agora
*
* *
*Markets
GOVERNMENT
BUILDINGS
Most city-states- built around an
acropolis, a large hill where city residents
could seek shelter in times of war.
*
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Key word or idea

City-state
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************

Notes- abbreviated (main idea)
Called polis
built around an acropolis, a large hill
Agora– meeting/market place
**********************************
Homer
No one is exactly sure
who Homer
was. Theories abound,
and some even think he
never existed. Regardless,
he is traditionally
recognized as the original
creator of two epic poems,
the Iliad and the Odyssey.
*
•Myths written by Homer
•probably a minstrel - a man who traveled constantly,
singing songs and telling stories
•Struggle between Greece and Troy
•Trojan Horse-
•Greeks could not defeat Troy because of the walls
and fortifications
•Built a giant horse and offered it as a gift
•Trojans carried horse inside their city gates
•warriors
hidden inside
•During the night the soldiers climbed out
and opened the gate to let the soldiers in
A monarchy is a type of government
with one ruler or king
oligarchy-
. a type of government in which a small
group of citizens control decision-making
DEMOCRACY–
A type of government in which citizens
vote to make government decisions
*
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Key word or idea

government
************


Notes- abbreviated (main idea)
3 types: decisions made by….
1. monarchy- one person
2. oligarchy- few rich citizens
3. democracy- citizens vote
**********************************
Draw this comparison map in your folder. Add circles as needed.
Compare Athens & Sparta using pages 199-204/ 207-209
Boys (5)
educated P.E.,
art, history
Womenbetter
treated/
own land
Two Greek Cities
and
*
In 700 B. C. Sparta covered most of southern
Peloponnesus.
Sparta had a agora which was a place in Greek cities
used both as a marketplace and a s a meeting place.
Sparta unlike Athens
was very
concerned with its
Military?!?!?!??!
*
Sparta’s people dedicated most of their lives
to making a strong polis or city-state.
Children were expected to to do their part also
At age 7 boys and girls began training!!!!!!
Boys spent some time learning to read a write but spent
Most of their time training.
Girls practiced running and throwing spears.
Girls didn’t become soldiers but trained to strong mothers???!!!!
*
Life in Athens was different than life in Sparta.
Girls did not practice sports, they were told to
see little, hear little and ask no questions.
Girls stayed at home and helped their mothers.
Boys worked each day with their fathers in the
fields or on pottery or stone-working shops.
*
The Acropolis in
Athens
*
If parents could afford to they sent male children to
school
After school they would practice wrestling or boxing
a local gymnasium before returning home.
Government in Athens
All of Athens energy was not spent on
building a strong army
In early years Athens’ government was a monarchy
Then, the government became an oligarchy
*
Most of Athens’ early leaders were members of
Noble families that were rich and powerful
Poorer citizens demanded to have a part in
the government!!!!
A democracy was formed
Democracy combines two Greek words meaning
“ rule by the people “
The democracy allowed all the people
to be involved!!!
Rule by
one person
(king)
Monarchy
Assembly
took control
Common
people had
some say
400 B.C.
Few Citizens
Controlled
Only few
Oligarchy rich people
Citizens
Demanded
rights
Democracy
voted
free men
only
Poor
citizens
revolted
No women
or slaves
All free
Men
voted
Not
Equal
Athenian Leader
Made sure that poor as well as rich
could take part in government
Citizens served on assemblies &
Jury– fairer trials *


Key word or idea

government
************
 Athen’s
government
Notes- abbreviated (main idea)
3 types: decisions made by….
1. monarchy- one person
2. oligarchy- few rich citizens
3. democracy- citizens vote
**********************************

400 B.C. oligarchy (few rich ruled)
Poor citizens revolted
Assembly took control
Democracy- all free men voted
PARTHENON
Center of acropolis
Built to honor goddess Athena
High above the city of Athens
Religious center of Athens
Showed wealth and power:
Temple of marble
shopkeepers,
Crowds of
people
students
lawyers
Business
center
markets
Government
buildings
City billboard
World’s first
“mall”
Ώ Most powerful citystate
Ώ Was paid tribute by its allies
Ώ education available for all boys
Ώ important achievements in the
arts, philosophy , literature,
and democracy
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Ώ Pericles°most powerful man in politics
° supported democracy
° paid salary to city officials
° poor people could hold
public office
° had Parthenon built- temple
built to honor goddess Athena

Military based-
Soldiers were leaders of
government
Military might was most
important to government
To make tough soldiers:
Boys at 7 taken away
from their mothers
°Put in school with
older boys and not
given food
°Had to steal food to
eat
° If caught stealingbeaten severely and
publicly
*
Led his students in discussions about the right way to
live
Mid 400s B. C .
Search for wisdom and
the right way to live
Discussed best kind of
government *
Student of
Socrates
Wrote down
teachings of
Socrates
Became famous philosopher


Notes- abbreviated (main idea)
Key word or idea
 philosophers  Search for wisdom and right way to live
1. Socrates
*led discussions with students
*discussed best kind of government
* accused of urging students to revolt
*arrested and put to death by poison
2. Plato
*student of Socrates’
*wrote Socrates sayings down
* became a famous philosopher
*Teacher of Aristotle (who taught
Alexander the Great)
***********************************
Sparta attacked
Athens
Pericles had
Athenians
move inside
walls
Athenians’ navy kept
supplies to people
Sparta
destroyed
surrounding
farmland
Deadlocked for
many years
Began 431 B. C.
Athens won
battles at sea
Sparta won
battles on
land
One-third of the city
died including
Pericles
Disease
spread
through the
city
404 Sparta cut
off the Athenian
grain supply
Atheniens were
starving
Athenians
surrendered
Many Greeks on
both sides lost
their lives
Sparta attacked Athens
Athenians took refuge in Acropolis
Athenian’s navy kept them supplied
Athens won sea battles– Sparta won land battles
Sparta cut off supplies
Disease spread through city
Athens surrendered
Conquerors
For 50 years, no city-state
could hold on to power
This civil war left Greece
open to attack from a
new power in the north
Weakened by constant wars
Most of Greece conquered by
Macedonia (north) *
Never lost a
battle!!!
334 B. C.
Alexander set
out to conquer
3 years-fought along
eastern coast of
Mediterranean
331- Alexander
declared himself
ruler
Continued on
to conquer
Arrived !
Around 328 B. C.
Fought battle–
saw elephants
for the first time!
Pages 214-215
Planned city of
Alexandria in Egypt
Built Alexandria
similar to Greek
polis
Carried Greek
civilization where
he conquered
His love of learning
spread knowledge all
over the world
Had agora, theater,
temples, stadium and
gymnasium
Became a major hub of
Mediterranean Trade
Lighthouse- one
of the first in the world
One of the 7 wonders of the ancient world
Page 213
After victory in
India, became sick
One of the
youngest emperors
of all time
Died in June
323 B. C.
From the map on page
214, list countries &
continents he conquered
 King
of Macedonia by age
20
 Well educated- Aristotle
(Greek Philospher)
 Never lost a battle
 Conquered Persia (3 years)
Greek style
pottery
EgyptiansMade paper
Legacy of learning
museum
library
Searched every ship for
books
Scholars studied
world & how it
worked
Had almost 300,000
books
Kept all books until copy
made
Legacy of learning
alphabet
Math & science
Geometry
30 letters- made
writing & reading
easier
Had math from
Egypt
Arithmetic &
mathematics
Temple of
Artemis
Colossus @
Rhodes
Pyramids
@ Giza
Mount Olympus is a mountain in Northern Greece
It is believe that many of the most powerful
gods and goddess lived here
Suddenly, you are transported. . .
You find yourself in Ancient Greece!
A lightening bolt strikes!!!
The seas rage!!!
A chariot drags the sun across the sky!!!
Someone with wings on his shoes and hat
flies by you!!!
A strange looking little boy flies past you with a
bow and arrows with hearts on the tips!!!!
Next thing you know, you are standing next to
someone who is half-man, half-horse and he is
*
playing some type of flute!!!!!
WHO ARE THEY?!?!?
Ancient Greeks had to face many forces of nature. In their
effort to understand the nature, they invented stories to
account for the things that went on in their lives.
These tales, known as myths, were spread around by travelers.
They contained the powerful Olympian gods, sea gods, woodland
gods, sky gods, underwater gods, half-gods, human heroes,
courageous or romantic adventures, betrayals, battles, wanderings,
and so on.
*
powerful
Olympian
gods
sea gods
sky gods
woodland
gods
Zeus, called the father of the gods.
Then he and his brothers
Poseidon and Hades
divided up creation.
Poseidon received the sea
as his domain, Hades got
the Underworld and Zeus
took the sky. Zeus also was
accorded supreme authority
on earth and on Mount
Olympus.
*
POSEIDON
was the god of the sea,
earthquakes and horses.
Although he was
officially one of the
supreme gods of Mount
Olympus, he spent most
of his time in his watery
domain.
*
God of the dead, ruler of the Underworld, which
was accordingly known as Hades.
*
Pillars in Athens
Temple in Athens
Here are some of the gifts the ancient Greeks gave to
the world:
Trial by Jury
Greek Myths
Democracy
Tragedy and Comedy
Theatre
The Olympics
*
Sparta attacked
Athens