Transcript Cancer -uncontrollable growth of abnormal growth of abnormal cells.

Cancer
Uncontrollable or abnormal growth of abnormal cells.
 1st leading cause of death is having a
heart attack
 Cancer is the 2nd leading cause of death
among adults
 Between 5-10% of cancers are hereditary
Tumor
Abnormal mass of tissue that has no natural role in the
.
body
 Types of Tumors:
 Benign tumors- non cancerous, grow slowly
surrounded by a membrane preventing them to spread
from site.
 Benign can be dangerous only if it interferes with normal body
functions.
 Ex (Brain tumor- can block blood flow.)
 Malignant- cancerous, spreads through body
 Made up of cells that grow out of control
Vocabulary Words
 Metastasis- The spread of cancer
from the point where it originated to
the other parts of the body.
 Enters 1 of 2 systems- circulatory
or lymphatic
 Carcinogen- A cancer causing
substance (often referred to as an
environmental factors)
 60% of all cancers can be
prevented through lifestyle
choices.
 Tobacco use- major cause of
cancer deaths in the US and
the most preventable.
 Nearly 1 in 5 deaths are due
to smoking or exposure to
Second hand smoke.
 Examples of Carcinogens (5)
 Tobacco Use
 Nutrition
 Ultraviolet Light
 Workplace exposures
 Radiation
 Agent orange
 Asbestos
 Hair Dyes
 Household exposures
 Pesticides
 Cleaning Products
 Old Paint
 Pollution
 Alcohol
Types of Cancer (3)
 Lymphoma- cancer of the immune system
 Begins in infection-fighting cells
 Very treatable (most cases can be cured)
 Leukemia- cancer of the blood
 Abnormal rise in number of white blood cells
 Carcinoma- cancer of the glands and the body linings
 (skin and the linings of digestive tract and lungs)
 Oral, lung, breast, prostate, colon, pancreas, ovaries
 Sarcoma- cancer of connective tissues
 (bones, ligaments, and muscles)
 Very rare
 Treatable
 Reproductive Cancer
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Prostate > Males(50^)
Testicular> Males(15-34)
Cervical>Women(15-20)
Breast>Women(40^)
Types of Cancer
Cancer
Factors
Symptoms
Screening
Skin-most
common
Ultraviolet rays
Tanning beds
Mole or freckle that
changes, or discharge
Biopsies
Breast- 2nd leading
cause of death for
women
Obesity, alcohol,
physical inactivity,
genetic factors
Unusual lump, changes
in shape
Mammogram
Self-exam
Prostate- 2nd leading
and most common in
men over 55yrs
High fat diet, Hereditary
Painful urination, blood
in urine or semen
Blood test
Lung- leading cause Cigarettes
of death in the U.S. in
both genders.
No initial symptoms.
Later- coughing and
shortness of breath
Chest x-ray
Cervical-15,000
diagnosis per year
History of infection w/
HPV(human
papillomavirus)
Later- abnormal vaginal
bleeding
Pap smear
Testicle- Most
common for younger
men b/c of higher
levels of testosterone
Family history of
testicular cancer
Small, hard painless
lumps on testicle. Pain
between scrotum & anus
Self-exam
Diagnosing Cancer
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Regular physical exams (yearly visit)
Self-exams once a month
Be familiar with your own body
Don’t ignore your body!
C.A.U.T.I.O.N
Warning signs (3)
 Changes in bowel movements
 Looser stool or more often
 A sore that doesn’t heal
 Unusual bleeding or discharge
 Vaginal bleeding, blood in pee or coughing up
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Thickening Lump
Indigestion, trouble swallowing
Obvious change in wart or mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness
Prevention
 Know your health history
 Do self exams- once a month
 Avoid sunburn
 Use sunscreen
 Check ups (yearly and as needed)
 Don’t smoke & exercise regularly
 Proper Diet
Treatments (4)
 Surgery- is the standard method of removing tumors or affected
area
 Radiation- uses energy from radium that can pinpoint and
penetrate a tumor. The energy destroys the tumor by damaging
DNA inside cell nuclei. This is usually done in an area that is an
awkward place (head, neck)
 Risk: Radiation damages the normal cells in it’s path.
 Chemotherapy- use of anticancer medications to treat cancer.
They are administered through IV injection and only attack the
abnormal cells.
 Hormone Therapy- when specific hormones are injected into the
patient to prevent abnormal cells from being able to reproduce and
continue to grow.
 Early detection improves the survival rate of ALL cancers
Effects of Cancer
Treatments (5)
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Fatigue
Pain
Mouth & Throat Sores
Diarrhea
Nausea & Vomiting
Chemo Brain
Constipation
Appetite Loss
Hair Loss
Emotional & Psychological Problems
Jimmy V