Transcript Care for External Bleeding

Chapter 6
Bleeding and Wounds
External Bleeding (1 of 2)
• Three types
• Capillary (oozing)
• Venous (flowing)
• Arterial (spurting)
External Bleeding (2 of 2)
• Open Wounds
• Abrasion
• Laceration
• Incision
• Puncture
• Avulsion
• Amputation
Care for External Bleeding
(1 of 2)
• Wear gloves.
• Expose wound.
• Cover with clean
cloth or gauze.
• Apply direct
pressure.
• Elevate the area.
Care for External Bleeding
(2 of 2)
• DO NOT remove
blood-soaked
dressings.
• Apply a pressure
bandage.
• Apply pressure at a
pressure point if
needed.
Internal Bleeding
• Skin is not broken and blood is not seen.
• Recognizing internal bleeding
• Bruising
• Painful, tender, rigid, bruised abdomen
• Vomiting or coughing up blood
• Black or bright red stool
Care for Internal Bleeding
• Call 9-1-1.
• Care for shock.
• If vomiting occurs, roll victim on
his or her side.
Wound Care
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Wash with soap and water.
Flush with water.
Remove small objects.
Apply direct pressure.
Apply antibiotic ointment.
Cover wound.
• Seek medical care.
Wound Infection
• Signs of Infection
• Swelling
• Reddening
• Warmth
• Throbbing
• Pus discharge
• Seek medical care for infected wounds.
• Tetanus booster shot every 5 to10 years
Special Wounds
• Amputations
• Embedded (impaled) objects
Care For Amputations
• Control bleeding.
• Treat for shock.
• Recover amputated
part.
• Wrap part in gauze,
place in a bag, and
keep bag cool.
• Transport the part
with the victim.
Care For Embedded
(Impaled) Objects
• Expose area.
• DO NOT remove
the object.
• Control bleeding
around the object.
• Stabilize the object.
Wounds That Require
Medical Attention
• Arterial bleeding
• Uncontrolled
bleeding
• Deep wounds
• Large or deeply
embedded objects
• Foreign matter in
wound
• Human or animal
bite
• Possibility of
noticeable scar
• Cut eyelid
• Slit lip
• Internal bleeding
• Uncertain how to
treat
• Need a tetanus shot
Dressings and Bandages
Dressings
Bandages
Dressings
• Functions
• Control bleeding.
• Prevent infection.
• Absorb blood.
• Protect the
wound.
• Types
• Gauze pads
• Adhesive strips
• Trauma dressings
• Improvised
dressings
Bandages
• Functions
• Hold dressing in
place.
• Apply pressure to
control bleeding.
• Prevent or reduce
swelling.
• Support and
stabilize an
extremity or joint.
• Types
• Roller
• Self-adhering,
conforming
bandages
• Gauze rollers
• Elastic roller
bandages
• Triangular
• Adhesive tape
Signs That Bandage May
Be Too Tight
• Blue tinge found on fingernails or
toenails
• Blue or pale skin color
• Coldness of extremity
• Inability to move fingers or toes
Chapter 7
Shock
Shock
• Circulatory system failure
• Pump (heart) failure
• Fluid loss
• Pipe failure (blood vessels)
• Permanent damage to body parts
possible if untreated
Recognizing Shock
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Altered mental status
Pale, cold, and clammy skin
Nausea and vomiting
Rapid breathing and pulse
Unresponsive in late stages
Care for Shock
• Treat severe and
life-threatening
injuries.
• Position victim on
his or her back.
• Raise victim’s legs 6
to 12 inches.
• Prevent heat loss.
Anaphylaxis
• Type of shock
• Powerful reaction to substances
that enter the body
• Causes
• Medications
• Foods
• Insect stings
• Plants
Recognizing Anaphylaxis
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Breathing difficulty
Skin reaction
Swelling of tongue, mouth, or throat
Sneezing, coughing
Tightness in chest
Blueness around lips and mouth
Dizziness
Nausea and vomiting
Care for Anaphylaxis
• Check breathing.
• Seek immediate
medical care.
• If victim has his or
her own medication
for auto-injection,
help with its use.
• EpiPen
Chapter 8
Burns
Types of Burns
• Thermal (heat) burns
• Chemical burns
• Electrical burns
Thermal Burns
• Depth (degree)
• First-degree (superficial)
• Second-degree (partial thickness)
• Third-degree (full thickness)
• Extent (Rule of palm)
• Parts of body burned
• Other injuries or medical conditions
• Whether patient is elderly or very young
First-Degree Burns
(Superficial)
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Redness
Mild swelling
Tenderness
Pain
Second-Degree Burns
(Partial Thickness)
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Blisters
Swelling
Weeping fluids
Intense pain
Third-Degree Burns
(Full Thickness)
• Dead nerve
endings
• Leathery, waxy
skin
• Pearly gray or
charred skin
Care for Thermal Burns
• Stop the burning process.
• Open airway and check breathing.
• Seek medical attention if:
• Victim is younger than 5, older than 55
• Victim has difficulty breathing
• There are other injuries or electrical injury
• Face, feet, hands, or genitals are burned
• Child abuse is suspected
• Second-degree burn is larger than 20% BSA
• Burn is third degree
First-Degree Burns
• Cool burn.
• Apply moisturizer such as aloe vera gel.
• Administer ibuprofen to relieve pain
(acetaminophen for children).
Small Second-Degree Burns
• Cool burn.
• Apply antibiotic ointment.
• Cover burn with dry, nonstick, sterile
dressing.
• Administer ibuprofen to relieve pain
(acetaminophen for children).
Large Second-Degree
and Third-Degree Burns
• Monitor breathing.
• Cover burn with dry, nonstick, sterile
dressing.
• Care for shock.
• Seek medical care.
Chemical Burns
• Results from caustic or corrosive
substance
• Acids, alkalis, and organic compounds
• Continue to burn as long as they are in
contact with the skin; remove quickly
Care for Chemical Burns
• Flush skin.
• Remove
contaminated
clothing.
• Cover burn.
• Seek medical care.
Electrical Burns
• Thermal burn
(flame)
• Arc burn (flash)
• True electrical
injury (contact)
Care for Electrical Burns
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Make the scene safe.
Open airway and check breathing.
Check for spinal injuries.
Cover burns.
Care for shock.
Call 9-1-1.
Contact With
Electrical Current
• Downed power lines
• Turn off power before approaching
patient.
• Must have training and appropriate
tools
• Faulty electrical equipment or careless
use of electrical appliances
• Turn off electricity at the circuit breaker,
fuse box, or outside switch box.
• Unplug appliance if plug is undamaged.
• Do not touch the patient until current is