Transcript Ms. Ryans Powerpoint - Marion County Public Schools

INTRO
Chapter 1
Health Care Systems
Buffy Ryan, RN
OBJECTIVES
• Describe the differences in early and current
beliefs about the cause and treatments of
disease
• Name 10 historical events in the history of
health care
• Describe 8 different types of health care
facilities
• Identify 3 government agencies and services
they provide
• Define, pronounce, and spell key terms
Key Terms
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Assisted living facility
CDC
Clinic
FDA
Health department
Home health care
Hospice
Laboratory
LTC facility
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Medicaid
Medicare
OSHA
OBRA
Medical office
Mental health facility
Optical center
Rehabilitation center
School health services
History of Health Care
• Some treatment methods used today are
from ancient times
• Herbs utilized in the past for both food
and medicine are found in medications
today (Morphine & Digitalis)
• Discoveries throughout the ages have
influenced and contributed to the
improvement of today’s health care
Ancient Times 4000 BC-400 AD
• Illness and disease were caused
by evil spirits and demons
• Punishment from the gods
brought disease and illness
• Health records were first
recorded by the ancient
Egyptians
Ancient Times
• The belief to cure the spirit
and nourish the body was
practiced by the Chinese
• Hippocrates and other
physicians in ancient Greece
established the importance
of nutrition and cleanliness
in preventing illness and
disease
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Hippocratic Oath (Modern version)
I swear to fulfill, to the best of my ability and judgment, this covenant:
I will respect the hard-won scientific gains of those physicians in whose steps I walk, and gladly share such knowledge as is mine with
those who are to follow.
I will apply, for the benefit of the sick, all measures which are required, avoiding those twin traps of overtreatment and therapeutic
nihilism.
I will remember that there is art to medicine as well as science, and that warmth, sympathy, and understanding may outweigh the
surgeon's knife or the chemist's drug.
I will not be ashamed to say "I know not," nor will I fail to call in my colleagues when the skills of another are needed for a patient's
recovery.
I will respect the privacy of my patients, for their problems are not disclosed to me that the world may know. Most especially must I
tread with care in matters of life and death. If it is given me to save a life, all thanks. But it may also be within my power to take a life;
this awesome responsibility must be faced with great humbleness and awareness of my own frailty. Above all, I must not play at God.
I will remember that I do not treat a fever chart, a cancerous growth, but a sick human being, whose illness may affect the person's
family and economic stability. My responsibility includes these related problems, if I am to care adequately for the sick.
I will prevent disease whenever I can, for prevention is preferable to cure.
I will remember that I remain a member of society, with special obligations to all my fellow human beings, those sound of mind and
body as well as the infirm.
If I do not violate this oath, may I enjoy life and art, respected while I live and remembered with affection thereafter. May I always act
so as to preserve the finest traditions of my calling and may I long experience the joy of healing those who seek my help.
Written in 1964 by Louis Lasagna, Academic Dean of the School of Medicine at Tufts University, and used in many medical schools
today.
Ancient Times
• The Romans implemented the use of
sewers for waste and aqueducts
(waterways) for clean water
• In ancient times causes of disease had
not been discovered and many
illnesses proved to be fatal
The Dark & Middle Ages 400– 1400 AD
• Interest in the medical practices of the Greeks and
Romans
• Medical universities were established in the 9th
century
• An outbreak of bubonic plague in the 1300s resulted in
the death of 75% of the people in Europe and Asia
The Renaissance
• Time period between 1350–1650 AD
• Otherwise known as the “rebirth of
the science of medicine”
• Human dissection to view body
organs
• Medical books were published
• Causes of disease were still a mystery
The 16th, 17th, and 18th
Centuries
• Knowledge regarding the human
body greatly increased
• Invention of the microscope
• Apothecaries (early pharmacists)
were involved in the making,
prescribing, and selling of
medications
• Smallpox vaccine was discovered
The 19th Century
• Industrial revolution with the
development of machines brought
major progress to medical science
• Invention of stethoscope
• Training programs for nurses
• Infection control with methods to
stop the spread of disease
The 20th Century
• Rapid growth in health care
• X-rays, medicines, and vaccines to
prevent disease were developed
• The structure of DNA and research in
gene therapy (ongoing today)
• Health care plans
• First open heart surgery
The 21st Century
• Human genome project
• Embryonic stem cell research
• Threat of bioterrorism with the
use biologic agents as weapons
• Viruses that can cause pandemic
(world-wide) epidemics
Types of Health Care Facilities
• Hospitals
• May be very large or
small
• Diagnose, treatment,
educational, research
• Private, religious,
nonprofit, government
• Specialty-pediatric,
psychiatric, rehab
• Long term care
center
• Assistance & care for
elderly or disabled
• ADL’s
• Residents not patients
• May be called nursing
home or rest home
• Skilled care
Types of Health Care Facilities
• Assisted living center
• Help with ADL’s and
medications,
transportation, and
socialization
• Rehabilitation center
• Therapy inpatient
• Physical or mental
• Medical or Dental
offices
• 1 doctor/dentist or a
group
• Part of hospital
• Specialists
• Diagnostics,
treatment, exams, lab,
surgery
Types of Health Care Facilities
• Clinics
• Groups, private, or
government run
• May be a health
department
• Vaccines, STD
treatment, etc.
• Optical Centers
• Ophthalmologist or
optometrist
• Exams, diagnosis,
surgery
• Glasses, contacts
Types of Health Care Facilities
• Emergency Care
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EMS
ER
Rescue squad
Helicopters,
ambulances, airplanes
• Accidents and sudden,
severe illnesses
• Laboratories
• Alone or part of
medical office or
hospital
• Blood, urine, and
other testing
Types of Health Care Facilities
• Home Health Care
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In the patient’s home
Nursing
ADL assistance
Therapy
• Hospice
• In home or inpatient
units
• Terminal illness
• Mental health
• Counseling
• Psychiatric, chemical
or other abuse
• Genetic counseling
• Genetic abnormalities
or birth defects
Types of Health Care Facilities
• Health Maintenance
Organizations
• Private or large
industry
• Focus on preventative
care
• Industrial health care
centers
• Occupational health
• Care and education for
employees
• School health
services
• Acute and chronic
health care to
students
• Education
• Screenings
Government Agencies
• WHO
• Statistics & info on
diseases
• Publications
• Investigates serious
health problems
throughout the world
• CDC
• Concerned with cause,
spread, and control of
diseases
• FDA
• Regulates food and
drug products
• OSHA
• Protects workers from
job related illness and
injury
Volunteer or Nonprofit
Agencies
• Supported by
• Donations
• Member fees
• Fundraisers
• Federal or state grants
• Examples:
• American Cancer Society
• American Heart Association
• American Red Cross
OBJECTIVES
• Describe the differences in early and current
beliefs about the cause and treatments of
disease
• Name 10 historical events in the history of
health care
• Describe 8 different types of health care
facilities
• Identify 3 government agencies and services
they provide
• Define, pronounce, and spell key terms