Transcript Illness and Disease

BELIEFS, VALUES, AND HEALTH
ILLNESS AND DISEASE
Illness and Disease
• Basic Concepts
• Illness: Recognized by a
person’s own perceptions and
evaluations of how he or she
feels.
• Disease: The presence of
disease is based on
professional evaluation.
• Agent: An infectious disease
cannot occur without the
presence of at least one factor,
i.e. the agent.
• Host: The host is the organism
that becomes sick.
• Environment: Environment is
external to the host. It includes
the physical, social, cultural
and economic aspects of the
environment.
• Risk factors: Attributes that
increase the likelihood of
developing a particular disease
or negative health condition at
some time in the future.
Health Promotion and Disease
Prevention
Wellness Model: The model
emphasizes efforts and
programs geared toward
prevention of disease and
maintenance of an optimum
state of well-being.
Primary prevention:
Primary prevention refers to
activities undertaken to
reduce the probability that a
disease will subsequently
develop.
Secondary prevention:
Refers to early diagnosis
and the treatment of
disease.
Tertiary prevention: Refers
to rehabilitation activities
and the monitoring of
treatments to prevent
complications.
Medical Model: Delivery of health
care that places the primary
emphasis on the treatment of
disease and the relief of
symptoms instead of prevention
of disease and promotion of
optimum health.
Statistical Information
Estimated Per Capita Health
Expenditures, by Age and Sex, 1995
Leading Causes of Disability Among Persons
Aged 15 Years or Older, United States, 1991–
1992
• View overheads “Leading Cause of Death by
Age Group”