Transcript Health Psychology: An Overview

Health Psychology:
An Overview
Chapter 1
Illness / Wellness
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What is health?
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Objective and subjective signs
Illness / Wellness Continuum
Major disability Symptoms/minor
From illness
disability
lifestyle
Death
Average
Signs
Healthful Signs
& lifestyle
Very healthful
signs &
Optimal
Wellness
The Disease Pattern
 XVll and XlX Centuries
 Infectious Diseases
 XX and XXl Centuries
 Chronic Diseases, Injury
HEALTH BELIEFS
 Ancient Cultures
 Magic, Supernatural, Mind-Body separation
 Middle Ages
 Church supremacy, Illness and sin, Body-Mind
interaction
 Renaissance
 Human Centered, Mechanistic view, dissection,
surgery, microscope…
 XX Century
 The Biomedical model
Psychology and Health
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Individuals
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Health Care Models
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Lifestyle Risk Factors
Personality
Psychosomatic Medicine
Psychoanalysis and Psychiatry
Biopsychosocial Approach
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Behavioral Medicine
Health Psychology
Psychology and Health
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Health Psychology: Goals
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Prevent illness
Identify causes of illness
Treat Illness
Health care systems and public policy
Related Fields
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Epidemiology
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Distribution and frequency of disease
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mortality: number of deaths
morbidity: illness, injury
prevalence: total number of cases
incidence: number of new cases
epidemic: rapid increase in incidence
Related Fields
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Public Health
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Medical Sociology
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field focuses on organized effort related to
health issues in a community
field concerned with social factors related to
health and illness
Medical Anthropology
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field concerned with the cross-cultural
aspects of health and illness
Research Methods
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Theory
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A tentative explanation of why and
under what conditions a certain
phenomenon occurs
A useful theory:
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is clearly stated
organizes facts
relates information
allows for predictions
Research Methods
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Experiments
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A controlled study in which one variable
is manipulated as another variable is
measured.
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Independent variable
Dependent variable
Experimental and Control Groups
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Double-blind study
Nonexperimental Methods
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Independent Variable is not manipulated
Quasi-experimental Designs
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Correlational Studies
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Retrospective approach: look back
Prospective approach: follow group
Developmental Approaches
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Cross-sectional
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Longitudinal
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different ages observed at the same time
observe same individuals over a long time
Single-subject Designs
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Case study