Transcript ACLS CH05

CHAPTER 5
CULTURE AND HEALTH CARE
Copyright © 2007 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
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Culture Overview
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Importance of cultural values and
connections on health care
Patient’s culture
 Health care worker’s cultural background
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Culture
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Act of belonging to a designated group
“Colo”
• Latin – to cultivate
Effect is unconscious
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Culture Is Reflected in Many
Aspects of Life
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Eating habits
Language
Dress
Hobbies
Living patterns
Occupational choices
Education
Religious affiliations
Political points
Interpersonal relationships
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Acculturation
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Learning cultural behaviors from one group or
person
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Evolves slowly
 Always occurring
 Subcultures within each large cultural group
 Can be broad and varied
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United States Census Bureau
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Collects data on U.S. population every 10 years
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Table 5-1
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Ethnography
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Branch of anthropology
Studies and records human cultures
Ethnographic studies provide information to
teach cultural competence
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Cultural Impact on Health Care
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Every interaction with a patient has cultural
implications
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Wellness and Health Prevention
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Various cultures have different views on
preventive medicine
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Exercise
Preventive doctor visits
Immunizations
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Touch and Physical Space
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Differing views on close touching and human
contact
As a health care worker:
 Always
ask permission before touching any
patient, regardless of cultural differences
 Be alert to positive or negative signs
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Communication
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Vital to our survival
Language
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Language barriers affect communication
Language is a form of cultural connection
Assimilation
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Process of accepting and exchanging cultural
information
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General and Invasive Procedures
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Important for the health care worker to be
sensitive to patients who are not comfortable
in removing clothing for examinations or who
fear invasive procedures.
All health care team members should
announce their arrival and wait a few
moments before entering a room.
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Dietary Needs
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Social tool and biological need
Many ethical and religious implications with
food
All attempts should be made to meet the
patient’s nutritional needs and preferences
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Box 5-1 Yin and Yang Foods
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Spirituality
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Essential for recovery and strength for many
ethnicities
Belief should be accepted and assistance
offered when requested
Using incorrect terminology is a sign of great
disrespect
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Death
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Views vary greatly
Rituals vary greatly
Deaths from suicide have many cultural
implications
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Medications
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Actions and side effects vary based on
patient ethnicity
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FDA and ISMP studies
• Antilipemic drugs
• BiDill
• Drug dosage
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Pain Management
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Beliefs about pain vary
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Important for the health care worker to use
listening and assessment skills to look for
nonverbal cues of pain
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Other Cultural Differences That
Have an Impact on Health Care
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Refusal to give blood or get blood
transfusions
Refusal to donate or receive organ
transplants
Refusal to place aging parents into nursing
home
Fertility control
Mental illnesses
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Signs of Cultural Barriers
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Important to listen to the patient closely and
look for nonverbal cues
Signs that cultural barriers exist:
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Resistant to change
Uncooperative
Argumentative
Overly agreeable and flaccid
Noncompliance after multiple teaching attempts
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Obstacles to Cultural Competence
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Ethnocentrism
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Belief that one’s own culture is superior to another
• Often unconscious
• Seen in many daily activities
Health care provider cannot allow this to interfere
with providing care
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Obstacles to Cultural Competence
(Continued)
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Stereotyping
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Seeing or viewing patients in one ethnic group all
molded together as one
• Assumes conformity
Patients need to feel trusted and safe
Prejudice and discrimination
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Stereotyping can lead to prejudice, which leads to
discrimination
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All health care providers must agree to care
for patients regardless of race, age, color, sex
or ethnic origin.
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Overcoming Obstacles
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Explore personal ideas and perceptions
about different cultures
Learn as much as you can about local
cultures
Always use the patient’s family name unless
given permission to use first name only
Be aware of eye contact
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Overcoming Obstacles (Continued)
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Encourage patients to talk about their
illnesses and look for areas of
misunderstanding
Look for confusion and fear
Treat all patients with respect, concern, and
compassion
Recognize that other cultures are not as time
sensitive as Americans
Respect spirituality
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