Transcript Chapter 6
Chapter 6: Neurobiology in Mental Health and Mental Disorder Copyright © 2012, 2007 Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Neurobiology and Human Behavior The brain is one of the most important and complex organs in the human body Controls multiple functions Psychiatric disorders are brain-based illnesses with anatomic or physiologic components Nurses need to understand the brain and its interaction with the nervous system Copyright © 2012, 2007 Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2 Figure 6-1 Functional areas of the cerebral cortex. (From Thibodeau GA, Patton KT: Anatomy & physiology, ed 6, St Louis, 2007, Mosby.) Copyright © 2012, 2007 Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 3 Figure 6-2 The limbic system. Copyright © 2012, 2007 Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 4 Central and Peripheral Nervous System One of the most complex and vital structures in the body Brain weighs 3 to 5 pounds and contains 140 billion cells CNS: composed of the spinal cord and brain PNS: peripheral nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves Copyright © 2012, 2007 Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 5 Neuroanatomy Cerebrum: largest part of the brain Frontal lobe: controls voluntary actions Prefrontal cortex: cognition, memory, and analytical functions Temporal lobe: language, memory, and emotion Occipital lobe: visual, color recognition Parietal lobe: sensory processing center Copyright © 2012, 2007 Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 6 Figure 6-3 Structural features of neurons: dendrites, cell body, and axon. (From Lewis SM et al: Medical-surgical nursing: assessment and management of clinical problems, ed 7, St Louis, 2007, Mosby.) Copyright © 2012, 2007 Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 7 Figure 6-4 Electrical and chemical synapses. A, Electrical synapses involve gap junctions that allow action potentials to move from cell to cell directly by allowing electrical current to flow between cells. B, Chemical synapses involve transmitter chemicals (neurotransmitters) that signal postsynaptic cells, possibly inducing an action potential. (From Thibodeau GA, Patton KT: Anatomy & physiology, ed 6, St Louis, 2007, Mosby.) Copyright © 2012, 2007 Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 8 Neuroimaging Modern brain imaging helps to explain the brains structure, function, and relationship with psychiatric illness Copyright © 2012, 2007 Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 9 Figure 6-5 Neuroimaging techniques. A, Computed tomography scan. (From Thibodeau GA, Patton KT: Anatomy & physiology, ed 6, St Louis, 2007, Mosby.) Copyright © 2012, 2007 Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 Figure 6-5 Neuroimaging techniques. B, Magnetic resonance imaging scan. C, Positron emission tomography scan. (From Thibodeau GA, Patton KT: Anatomy & physiology, ed 6, St Louis, 2007, Mosby.) Copyright © 2012, 2007 Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 11 Neuroscience Emerging fields (such as genetics, stem cell research) continue to develop advanced technologies that lead to improved medical and nursing care for patients with neurobiologic disorders. Copyright © 2012, 2007 Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 12