Transcript Chapter 9 Culture and Ethnicity

Chapter 9
Culture and Ethnicity
Denise Coffey MSN, RN
Mosby items and derived items © 2009, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Population Diversity
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The United States is becoming more
diverse.
Health disparities among ethnic and racial
minorities continue to increase.
Racial and ethnic minorities often
experience poor access to care.
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Understanding Cultural Concepts
Culture
Subcultures
Ethnicity
Emic worldview
Etic worldview
Enculturation
Acculturation
Assimilation
Biculturalism
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Cultural Concepts
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Culturally congruent
care
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Fits the person’s
valued life patterns and
set of meanings
Requires specific
knowledge, skills, and
attitudes in the delivery
of culturally congruent
care
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Cultural conflicts
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Ethnocentrism
Cultural imposition
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Cultural Context of Health
and Caring
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Health, illness, and caring have meanings
that are unique to each culture.
Every culture provides a context according
to which groups interpret and define
experiences relevant to birth, illness, and
death.
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Cultural Healing Modalities
and Healers
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Chinese and Southeast Asians
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Asian Indians
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Herbalist, acupuncturist, fortune teller, shaman
Ayurvedic practitioner
Native Americans
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Shaman
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Healers
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African American
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“Granny midwife,” spiritualist, voodoo
practitioner, hougan (male), mambo (female)
Hispanics
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Cuarandero/a, yerbero, sabador, espiritsta,
santero/a
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Culture and Life Transitions
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Rights of passage
Pregnancy
Childbirth
Newborn
Postpartum period
Grief and loss
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Cultural Assessment
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A systematic and comprehensive
examination of the cultural care values,
beliefs, and practices of individuals,
families, and communities
Gathers information that will enable the
nurse to provide culturally competent care
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Selected Components of Cultural
Assessment
Ethnic heritage and
ethnohistory
Biocultural history
Social organization
Religious and spiritual
beliefs
Communication patterns
Time orientation
Caring beliefs and
practices
Experiences with
professional health care
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Nursing Decisions
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Action modes of professional decisions or
actions:
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Cultural care preservation or maintenance
 Cultural care accommodation or negotiation
 Cultural care repatterning or restructuring
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Knowledge check
The role of the nurse in planning care for a culturally diverse
population can best be described as:
A. Focusing only on the needs of the client, ignoring the nurse's
beliefs and practices
B. Including care that is culturally congruent with the nursing staff
based on predetermined criteria
C. Providing care while remaining aware of one's own bias and
focusing on the client's individual needs rather than the staff's
practices
D. Blending the values of the nurse that are for the good of the
client and minimizing the client's individual values and beliefs
during care
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Knowledge check
According to the Nurse Practice Act (NPA), how are cultural needs
addressed?
A. There are no references to culture or ethnicity of clients in the
NPA.
B. Knowledge of cultural aspects is to be incorporated into the plan
of care to meet each client's unique needs.
C. Cultural needs can be ignored when the client is very ill and
about to die, because physical needs are more important at this
time.
D. Only scientifically based methods of treatment are to be used in
nursing; use of other methods or therapies is not the role of the
nurse.
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