Transcript PPT - Ramos` World History Class

I. Greek Roots
of Democracy
Unit 2
10.1.1
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Rise of Greek CityStates
http://mbscientific.com/mediawiki/mediawiki-1.11.1/images/Greece500BC.gif
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Governing
City-states
http://www.theodora.com/wfb/photos/greece/acropolis_athens_greece_ert.jpg
http://www1.curriculum.edu.au/ddunits/units/ls1fq2acts.htm
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•Polis
–Acropolistemples to
gods
–Walled city
http://photography.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/NGS/Shared/StaticFiles/Photogra
phy/Images/POD/a/acropolis-athens-greece-711916-sw.jpg
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•750-500 B.C.
–Power shift:
monarchy to
noble
landowners
http://greece.mrdonn.org/argos.html
http://www.europabarbarorum.com/i/units/koinon-hellenon/kh_hippeis_xystophoroi.gif
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Changes in Warfare
•Increase
middle class
power
–Iron
weapons
http://www.amren.com/ar/2007/07/11a--GreekSoldiers.jpg
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Phalanx
• Formation
• Requires practice--- sense of
unity
• Reduce class differences
• Sparta (discipline) v. Athens
(individual & political rights)
http://images.absoluteastronomy.com/images/encyclopediaimages/g/gr/greek_phalanx.jpg
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http://ccsdweb.com/jjaconet/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/this-is-sparta-map.JPG
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http://www.utexas.edu/courses/introtogreece/lect10/emapSparta9907210001.jpg
Sparta: Nation of
Soldiers
• Military state
• 2 Kings & Council of Elders
• Assembly approve major
decisions
• Citizen= male, native, over
30
http://cd7.e2bn.net/e2bn/leas/c99/schools/cd7/website/images/greek-spartan-warriors-1.jpg
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http://z.about.com/d/atheism/1/0/w/L/AthensMap-l.jpg
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Athens: A Limited
Democracy
• Democracy
• Monarch—aristocracy--democracy
–Discontent w/ aristocracy
spreads----move to
democracy
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Solon, 594 B.C.
• Outlaw slavery
• Open offices to citizens
• Gave assembly more say
• Discontent led to
tyranny
http://z.about.com/d/ancienthistory/1/0/2/S/2/Solon_th.jpg
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Pisistratus, 546 B.C.
• Took pwr
• Gave farmers & poor more pwr
• Weakened aristocracy
http://www.mainlesson.com/books/tappan/greek/zpage070.gif
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Cleisthenes, 507 B.C.
• Greater citizen role
• Council of 500: chosen by lot
• Made the assembly a real legislature
(lawmaking body)
http://www.eurekastreet.com.au/Uploads/Image/0706/11massola1.jpg
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http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~klio/maps/gr/constitutions/Periclean%20System.jpg
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B. The Persian Wars
http://media.moddb.com/images/downloads/1/11/10632/modlogo.jpg
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Persia: Asia Minor-India
http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00maplinks/early/darius/dariusmap490.jpg
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Persia threatens Greece
http://www.worldhistory.timemaps.com/images/500BC/PersianEmpire.jpg
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490 B.C. Persians land @ Marathon
http://members.ozemail.com.au/~ancientpersia/images/perwars.gif
• Persia forced to retreat
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490 B.C. Persians land @ Marathon
Persia forced to retreat
http://www.cais-soas.com/CAIS/Images2/Maps/Greek_domain_during_the_Perian_Wars.png
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500 B.C.
http://www.tqnyc.org/2005/NYC051950//miritgreece_wars_files/persian%20war.jpg
• Larger Persian
army lands
• Sparta &
Athens join to
defend &
defeat Persia
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501 B.C.
• Greeks defeat
Persians on
Asia Minor
• End of Persian
threat
http://media.photobucket.com/image/persian%20wars/IanTheCool/170492_2.png
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Athens in Age of
Pericles
460-429 B.C.
http://img.villagephotos.com/p/2005-8/1057949/p783.jpg
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http://www.ecusd7.org/ehs/ehsstaff/jparkin/Academics/Ancient_World_History/Flowering_of_Civilizations/4-Rise_of_Ancient_Greece/4-War_Glory_&_Decline/img029.gif
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Political Life
• Direct democracy
• Believed all males should be
involved in govt
• Pays public office
• Serve on juries
http://static.squidoo.com/resize/squidoo_images/250/draft_le
ns1295586module1779875photo_pericles2.jpg
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Funeral Oration
http://www.life.com/image/50704068
• Athenian pwr rests “not
of a minority but of the
whole people”
• Rights & duties of
individual
• Expression of democratic
ideals
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3. Economic & Cultural
Life
• Rebuilt
Acropolis
–Creates jobs
–Reminds that
gods favored
Athenians
http://z.about.com/d/atheism/1/0/_/L/AthAcropRestored-l.jpg
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4. Peloponnesian War
https://clengwell.wikispaces.com/file/view/spartanbottle.jpg
• Athens v. Sparta
• 27 yr fight
• 404 B.C. Sparta
captures Athens
–End of
democracy
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Greek Philosophers
http://cd7.e2bn.net/e2bn/leas/c99/schools/cd7/website/images/greek-philosophers-1.jpg
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Moral & Ethical Principles
• Idea of goodness
• Est standards of
human behavior
• Athens
–?? Accepted ideas
–Success imp
http://www.idivamemphis.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/tanorexic2.jpg
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Socrates & Citizenship
• “What is the greatest
good?”
• Socratic method
–?? & challenge, examine
ans
threatened
Athenian tradition
http://www.petemandik.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/socrates.jpg
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• @ 70 put on trial
–Corrupt youth
–Fail to respect
gods
• Condemned to
death
http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/his/CoreArt/art/resourcesb/dav_soc.jpg
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Plato & Reason
http://madnessofart.com/wp-content/uploads/plato.jpg
Distrust democ b/c
killed Socrates
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• Reason, not the experience
of the senses, leads to
genuine knowledge
• By rational thought, people
can discover unchanging
ethical principles, recognize
their perfect beauty & learn
how to org society
• state should regulate all aspect of
lives
• Ideal society divided into 3 classes:
workers, soldiers, philosophers
• Ideal society divided based on a
process of examination
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Plato, The Republic
• “At first, in the early days of his
power, [the tyrant] is full of
smiles . . . [but later] he is always
stirring up some war or other, in
order that the people may
require a leader.”
Aristotle & Rule of Law
• Govt by many
• Suspicious of
Democracy
• Proconstitutional
govt by middle
class- “polity”
http://masteroftheuniverse.files.wordpress.com/2008/12/aristotle3.jpg
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• City-state: best & natural form
• Rulers must be subject to the law
• “golden mean”: moderate course
btwn extremes
• Reason is guiding force
• Est Lyceum (study of all
knowledge)
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Aristotle, Politics
• Regarding a tyrant:
• “. . . is just that arbitrary power of
an individual which is responsible to
no one, and governs all . . . with a
view to its own advantage, not to
that of its subjects, and therefore
against their will.”
Alexander & Hellenistic
Age
http://dor.huji.ac.il/Images/Alexander.jpg
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Conquest of Persia
http://teacherportfolio.indstate.edu/jnorris/alexander_the_great_webquest.htm
Alexander the Great
• Alexander 20yrs w/
throne, sets to
conquer Persia
• 334-327 B.C.
Mediterranean SeaMiddle East-Central
Asia- India
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http://www.forumancientcoins.com/Articles/Maps/images/Empires%20Persia%20and%20Alexander.jpg
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Legacy of
Alexander
• Alexander dies, empire crumbles
• Blends eastern & western
cultures
• Citizens rule cities, governors
manage, king ultimate control
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Stoicism
• Avoid desires & disappointment
by accept what life brought
• Preach moral standards (dignity
& equality) while unequal in
society, morally equal b/c pwr
of reason
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• Rome emerges
–133 B.C. conquests in Asia
Minor & replaces Greece in
Mediterranean
• Greek Impact:
–Law, freedom, justice, govt
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