Transcript WH_ch04_s3

Section
3
Objectives
•
Summarize how the Persian Wars affected Greece.
•
Explain how Pericles instituted a direct democracy
in Athens.
•
Understand the causes and effects of the
Peloponnesian War.
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Terms and People
•
alliance – a formal agreement between two or
more nations or powers to cooperate and come
to one another’s defense
•
Pericles – Greek statesman during Athens’
golden age
•
direct democracy – a system of government in
which citizens take part directly in the day-to-day
affairs of government
•
stipend – a fixed salary
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Terms and People
(continued)
•
jury – a panel of citizens who have the authority
to make the final judgment in a trial
•
ostracism – a process by which a public figure
is banished from the city for a period of years
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How did war with invaders and conflict
among Greeks affect the city-states?
Greek city-states often fought one another.
However, when Greeks were threatened by the
Persians, they eventually united to defend their
independence.
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Persians conquered a huge empire in Asia,
including the Greek city-state Ionia.
Athens sent ships
to help the Ionians.
The Persians decided
to punish them.
The Persians invaded
Athens, but the Athenians,
although outnumbered,
were victorious.
The Athenian leader
Themistocles knew
they would be
attacked again.
Athens joined with
Sparta and other Greek
city-states to fight a
new Persian invasion.
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Conflict in the Greek World
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When the Persians arrived as Themistocles predicted,
they were greeted by Spartan warriors.
The Persians defeated
the Spartans and moved
on to Athens, but it was
empty. Its inhabitants
had withdrawn.
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Athenians lured
Persian ships
to a narrow
strait and sank
them.
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The Persian invasions ended when the Greeks
defeated them on land.
Athens
emerged
from the
war as
the most
powerful
city-state.
It organized
a formal
alliance
with other
Greek citystates called
the Delian
League.
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Athens used
its leadership
position to
create an
empire,
dominating
the other
members.
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Athens experienced a golden age from
460 B.C. to 429 B.C.
At this time,
Athens was
a direct
democracy.
Even poor men could serve
in government, because
those who participated in the
assembly received a stipend.
Pericles, a skilled
statesman, led Athens
during this period.
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Athenians could serve on
a jury, which at that time
could consist of hundreds
or thousands of jurors.
Citizens could vote to banish
public figures from the city in
a process called ostracism.
During this Age of Pericles,
Athens prospered.
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Athens became the cultural center of Greece,
encouraging the arts through festivals and
building programs.
This increased the city’s
prosperity because it gave jobs
to artisans and workers.
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Not everyone was happy with Athenian
domination. Enemies of Athens, including Sparta,
formed the Peloponnesian League.
War broke out between
Athens and Sparta in 431 B.C.
This became known as the
Peloponnesian War and lasted
27 years.
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Sparta conquered
Athens in 404 B.C.
and Greek
dominion declined.
Section
3
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