Transcript Nutrition and Food Awareness

Nutrition , Diet, &
Food Awareness
Chapter 15-1
What are your favorite
foods?
– My Favorite foods:
• 1. Chocolate Chip Cookies
• 2. Western Bacon Cheeseburger
• 3. Hagen Daz Coffee Ice Cream
Objectives
1. Understand nutritional needs of
your body.
 2. Analyze the effects of the
“American Diet” and obesity
 3. Recognize where your food
comes from.

Nutrition: Why Eat?
Your body needs essential nutrients
and vitamins to perform cell
activities to keep you alive.
 Your diet is what you choose to eat.

– It should include a balance of 6
essential nutrients
Reading
a
Food
Label
6 Essential Nutrients

1. Carbohydrates (Carbs)
– Found in: bread, pasta, potatoes, sugar
– Should be 45-65% of your diet (300g)
– Dietary Fiber: regulates digestion,
prevents constipation, need in a
healthy diet

Sugars: should be limited
– Sugar is high in calories and lacks nutrients
– Sugar causes insulin to be released in the blood
to reduce blood sugar levels
– Long term blood sugar fluctuations causes:
• The body to stop burning stored fat ( so you
gain weight)
• Diabetes & Heart Disease
In the last 20 years,
Americans have increased
sugar consumption from 26
lbs to 135 lbs of sugar per
person per year!
Prior to the turn of this
century (1887-1890), the
avg consumption was only 5
lbs. per person per year!

Artificial Sweeteners
– Do not actually promote weight-loss
– Some controversy over possible health risks, but
studies had not found links to cancer
Acesulfame potassium (Sunett, Sweet One)
 Aspartame (Equal, NutraSweet)
 Saccharin (SugarTwin, Sweet'N Low)

–
made from petroleum byproducts

Sucralose (Splenda)
Drinking a diet soft drink
rather than a sugary one at
lunch may reduce the
calorie count of the meal,
but it may trick the body into
thinking that other sweet
items don't have as many
calories either

2. Fats
– Found in: oils, grease, meat, dairy
products
– Eat in SMALL amounts (~65-80g a day)
– Saturated fat – “bad fat” (animals)
• Clog arteries and cause heart disease
– Monounsaturated & Polyunsaturated –
“good fat” lowers cholesterol (plants)
– Trans Fat: hydrogen is added to oils to
preserve food (ie. partialy
hydrogenated oil)
• However, body can not use this
• Not natural
• Stays in your body forever
Natural cis fat
trans fat

3. Proteins
– Found in: meat, dairy, beans, grains, &
nuts
– Should be 10-35% of diet
– Important for tissue growth & repair
– It is a myth that vegetarians or vegans
will become protein deficient if they
follow a careful diet.

4. Vitamins
– Molecules made by other living food
sources that help the body function
– Ex: Vitamin A, C, D, K, E, Bs

5. Minerals
– Non-living molecules that help the body
function
– Ex: Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, Iron

6. Water
– 60-75% of your body weight
is water
– It is needed for all life
processes
– Flushes out toxins
– Can only live a few days
without water before dying
– Do you drink enough?
• Your urine should be colorless
to slightly yellow.
• Dark yellow urine may indicate
dehydration
Food Pyramid - FDA
Food Pyramid - FDA
Food Pyramid- Diabetics
Low-Carb Diet
Risks
•Depending on what you eat, a low-carb diet may be high in saturated fat
and cholesterol.
• increase the risk of heart disease and perhaps some types of
cancer.
•limiting fruits, vegetables and whole-grain foods can cause you not
to get enough fiber — which can contribute to constipation and other
gastrointestinal problems.
•Ketosis — a condition caused by incomplete fat breakdown — also
may be a concern with a low-carb diet. Ketosis can cause weakness,
nausea, dehydration, dizziness and irritability.
Remember, the healthiest
diet is based on fruits,
vegetables, whole grains
and lean sources of
protein — not rigid lists of
"good" and "bad" foods.
Vegetarian
Vegan
The “American Diet”
Most Americans eat diets that are
too high in meats, grains, fats,
sugars, and salts
 74.1% of Americans are obese

McDonald’s
Deluxe
Breakfast

1150 Calories
– (60% of DV-daily value)

60 grams of Fat
– (93% of DV)

2260 mg of Sodium
– (94% DV)

Over half the day’s calories and nearly all the fat
and sodium in one meal in the morning!
Burger King Triple
Whopper with Cheese
Value Meal (Small)
1760 calories (88% DV)
 99g fat (150% DV)

– 35.5g sat. (177% DV) fat 2g trans fat
225mg cholesterol (75% DV)
 62g sugar

– 148g carbs
75g protein
 2080mg sodium (87% DV)

Obesity
Body mass index (BMI) of 30 or more
 BMI = weight (lb) * 703 / height2 (in2)

–
–
–
–
Underweight = <18.5
Normal weight = 18.5–24.9
Overweight = 25–29.9
Obesity = BMI of 30 or greater
74.1% of US population is obese or
overweight*
 Obesity is a major risk factor for:

– Cardiovascular disease
– Type II Diabetes
– Certain types of cancer
*(Forbes, 2007)
Childhood Obesity

17% of children 2-19 are obese
– National Health & Nutrition Examination
Survey 2007-08

Contributing Factors:
–
–
–
–
Poor diet
Overeating
Not enough exercise
Sedentary lifestyle
• Link between 3+ hours of TV
and higher prevalence of obesity
Obesity in the US
Obesity in the US
Obesity in the US
Obesity in the US
Obesity in the US
Obesity in the US
Obesity in the US
Obesity in the US
Obesity in the US
Obesity in the US
Obesity in the US
Obesity in the US
Obesity in the US
Obesity in the US
Obesity in the US
Obesity in the US
Obesity in the US
Obesity in the US
Obesity in the US
Obesity in the US
State-specific Prevalence of Obesity*
Among U.S. Adults, by Race/Ethnicity,
2006-2008 Black non-Hispanic
White non-Hispanic
Hispanic
(*BMI 30)
Summary
Non-Hispanic blacks had the highest
prevalence, followed by Hispanics, and
non-Hispanic whites
 For non-Hispanic blacks

− Overall prevalence of obesity—35.7%
− Higher prevalences were found in the Midwest
and South
− Prevalence ranged from 23.0% (New
Hampshire) to 45.1% (Maine)
− 40 states had a prevalence of ≥ 30%
− 5 states (Alabama, Maine, Mississippi, Ohio,
and Oregon) had a prevalence of ≥ 40%
Summary (Cont’d)
 For Hispanics
− Overall prevalence of obesity—28.7%
− Lower prevalence was observed in the Northeast
− Prevalence ranged from 21.0% (Maryland) to 36.7%
(Tennessee)
− 11 states had a prevalence of ≥ 30%

For non-Hispanic whites
− Overall prevalence of obesity—23.7%
− Higher prevalences were found in the Midwest and
South
− Prevalence ranged from 9.0% (DC) to 30.2% (West
Virginia)
− Only one state (West Virginia) had a prevalence of ≥
30%
− 5 states (California, Colorado, Connecticut, Hawaii, and
New Mexico) and DC had a prevalence of <20%
Where Does Your Food Come
From and What’s In It?
Food used to be grown on
family run farms.
 Nowadays, it is harder to
find out the sources of
your food, where/how it is
grown, or how it’s
prepared.
 Whole books and
documentaries are
made on the subject.

Chicken McNuggets
The photo above is being extensively passed around online today,
and for good reason: it's a peak into the rarely-seen world of mechanically separated
meat, or Advanced Meat Recovery (AMR).
Fooducate writes:

Someone figured out in the 1960s that meat processors can eek out a few more
percent of profit from chickens, turkeys, pigs, and cows by scraping the bones 100%
clean of meat. This is done by machines, not humans, by passing bones leftover after
the initial cutting through a high pressure sieve. The paste you see in the picture above
is the result.
The Huffington Post 2/20/10
Michael Kindt continues:
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/10/04/m
There's more: because it's crawling with
echanically-separated-ch_n_749887.html
bacteria, it will be washed with ammonia,
soaked in it, actually. Then, because it tastes
gross, it will be reflavored artificially. Then,
because it is weirdly pink, it will be dyed with
artificial color.
But, hey, at least it tastes good, right?
High five, America!
The resulting paste goes on to become the
main ingredient in many of America's favorite
mass-produced and processed meat-like
foods and snacks: bologna, hot dogs, salami,
pepperoni, Slim Jim-like jerkys, and of course
the ever-polarizing Chicken McNugget, where
the paste from the photo above was likely
destined.

rBST
(Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin)

Artificial growth hormone injected to
make cows produce more milk
In cows: causes
mastisis (inflammation
of breast tissue),
reduction in fertility, and
lameness
In humans: no conclusive
health risks, but the US is
the ONLY developed
country to permit humans
to drink from rBST treated
cows
Factory Farms

Process of raising livestock in
confinement at high stocking density
– Main products: meat, milk, eggs
– Relies on modern machinery &
biotechnology
– High stocking density requires
antibiotics & pesticides to counter
spread of disease from crowded living
conditions

Currently, 4 US companies produce:
– 81% of cows
– 73% of sheep
80% of pigs
50% of chickens
Issues of Factory Farms
Ethics & Animal Welfare
 Human Health
 Animal Health
 Environmental Impact
 Safe Labor

Know your Options!
Read the LABEL!
 Organic
 Pesticide-free, no rBST
 Cage-free
 No GMO (genetically modified
organisms)
 No Trans-fat, MSG
