Transcript Animal Kingdom Interactive Notebook

Animal Kingdom
By: Scott Fowler
Cladogram of Contents
Sponges
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Phylum name means “pore-bearers”
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Distinguishing/Characteristic traits
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No tissues or organ systems no mouth and doesn’t move.
Form and Function
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Locomotion/movement:
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Stationary, stays rooted to the same spot it’s entire life.
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Respiration
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Rely on the movement of water through their bodies.
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Oxygen dissolved into the water is diffused into the surrounding cells.
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Circulation
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Little flagella on the inside of the sponge circulate water inside the sponge, from there the nutrients needed by the sponge are diffused into it.
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Digestion
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Diffused from the water by the sponge’s cells.
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Excretion
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Cells diffuse excess waste into the water where it is carried out.
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Reproduction
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Sponge either buds off or will launch it’s sperm or eggs into the air where they will meet and form a free floating larva which later attaches and grows into a new sponge.
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Nervous System
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Does not have one.
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Symmetry
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Asymmetrical
Unique/Interesting facts
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No nervous systems, digestive systems, eyes, mouth or any other distinguishable characteristic that it is an animal and not a plant.
Habitats
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Commonly found in the ocean around reefs or on the sea floor.
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Back
Cnidarians
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Back
Phylum name means
Distinguishable Characteristics
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Several small cnidocytes containing nematocyst.
Forms and Function Information:
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Locomotion/movement
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The Medusa moves by jet propulsion, using specially designed muscles to send the water out allowing it to move. Sea Anemones remain stationary but can puff themselves up
using water.
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Respiration
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Diffusion through the body wall.
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Circulation
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Diffusion through the cells and tissues, as well as the body walls.
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Digestion
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Transported by diffusion and eat by paralyzing prey with there nematocysts and pull the pray into its mouth where it digests it in the gastro vascular cavity.
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Excretion
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Either diffused through the body through the body walls out sold waste is expelled though the mouth.
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Reproduction
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Either by budding asexually, or releasing sperm and eggs into the water, pending of it’s a boy or a girl. The egg and sperm meet and form a zygote which anchors to a hard surface
and then develop into a polyp. Medusas are formed by budding.
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Nervous System
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Contain a nerve net and sensory cells, causes the body to group around the foreign stimuli because the stimulis is transferred through the whole body.
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Symmetry
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Radial Symmetry
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Unique Facts
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Have a stinger and nerve nets, home to several different types of jelly fish.
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Habitats/found
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Warm tropical waters.
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Taxonomist key
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Kingdom: Animalia
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Phylum: Cnidaria
Flatworms
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Distinguishing Characteristics
– Simplest animals to have three embryonic germ layers, bilateral symmetry and cephalization.
Forms and Function Information
– Locomotion/movement
• Either by using cilia on the epidermal cells or muscles to twist and turn to glide through the water. Able to react quickly to environmental stimuli.
– Respiration
• Relies mainly on diffusion to transport nutrients and oxygen.
– Circulation
• None
– Digestion
• Either simply absorb it from it’s host’s intestinal tract, or very simple and basic digestion cells that pump nutrients to dead end cells and pushes the
waste back out of the mouth.
– Excretion
• Excretes waste back out of it’s mouth as well as its body cells because it is so small and thin.
– Reproduction
• Most are Hermaphrodites which contain both male and female sex organs but at the same time have sexual reproduction where both animals share
sperm and eggs with each other.
– Nervous System
• Not very complex nervous system, and do not contain a brain, but 2 simple ganglia that are the heads of the nervous system.
– Symmetry
• Bilateral
– Unique Facts
• Has a mouth and a Pharynx on the stomach.
Roundworms
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Back
Distinguishing Characteristic Traits
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Contain a digestive tract with two openings.
Form and Function Information
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Locomotion/Movement:
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Contain muscles that lined the whole body, some can contract them to move like snakes through the water, others simply thrash about through the soil, or dirt.
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Respiration
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They depend on simple diffusion to help move nutrients and waste through the body.
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Circulation
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None
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Digestion
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Use grasping mouth parts to capture forms of algae, fungi, or other pieces of decaying organic matter, then digest it in it’s pseudocoelom.
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Excretion
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Depend on diffusion to carry nutrients through the boy then out the anus.
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Reproduction
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Have separate sexes so produce sexually, worm deposits it’s sperm into the female’s reproductive tract.
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Nervous System
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Simple nervous system consisting of several branches of nerves extending from ganglia in the head, and can control body movement and sensory details.
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Symmetry
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Bilateral
Unique or Interesting Facts
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Have been evolving relationships with other organisms for millions of years.
Habitats
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Anywhere there is food.
Mollusks
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Back
Distinguishing Characteristics
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One of the oldest and diverse phyla. Can be found almost anywhere.
Form and Function Information
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Locomotion/Movement
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Can move in a variety of ways either secreting a mucus to ripple along on or jet propulsion through water.
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Respiration
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Must live a cool wet place if there land dwelling to help air diffuse across it’s shell or in the water to pass water over it’s gills.
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Circulation
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Has a open circulatory system, blood eventually leaves the vessels and works it’s way into a saclike space called a sinus.
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Digestion
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Contain a digestive tract to break down and transfer food and nutrients.
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Excretion
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Tube shaped nephridia remove ammonia fro the blood and release it outside the body.
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Reproduction
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Reproduce in a variety of ways, either from releasing there eggs and sperm into the water, or direct sexual reproduction where the sperm in implanted directly.
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Nervous System
– Can be as dumb as a brick with a very simple ganglia and nerve chord system, or an actual brain that the octopi have making them smarter than some vertebrates,
being able to open a jar for food, or performing tricks to get rewarded or to avoid punishment.
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Symmetry
– No Symmetry in some but bilateral or radial in others.
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Unique facts
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Can grow to be over 20 meters long.
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Habitats
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Anywhere it is moist enough for it’s shell on land, and pretty much anywhere in the ocean towards the ocean flower.
Annelids
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Back
Distinguishing characteristic traits
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More closely related to a clam or snail because of it’s larval stage even though it looks like a worm.
Form and Function
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Locomotion/Movement
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Muscular longitudal and latitudal movements direct the annelid on it’s hundreds of pairs of legs, paddle like appendages or feathery gills.
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Respiration
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Often breath through gills, which is an organ specialized for the exchange of gases underwater. Or just take in oxygen and secrete carbon dioxide through it’s skin.
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Circulation
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Closed circulatory system, and earthworms blood circulates through two major blood vessels that run from the head to the tail.
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Digestion
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Can be either a filter feeder, or fearsome predators with a nearly full digestive system with a crop, a gizzard, and then absorbed as it goes farther along.
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Excretion
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Pass digestive waste through the anus and also cellular waste containing nitrogen and eliminated by nephridia.
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Reproduction
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Most annelids produce sexually, or hermaphroditic where both partners exchange sperm.
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Nervous System
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Most annelids have a well-developed nervous system consisting of a brain and several nerve cords. Mostly well developed in marine annelids.
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Symmetry
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Bilateral
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Interesting Fact
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Among the simplest animal to have a true coelom lined with mesoderm.
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Habitats
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Anywhere from you backyard to the ocean floor.
Arthropods
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Back
Distinguishing trait
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Most have a waxy covering to help prevent the loss of body water.
Form and Function
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Locomotion/Movement
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Using well developed groups of muscles, controlled by the nervous system.
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Respiration
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Spiracles on the outside of the body take in and release oxygen.
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Circulation
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A well-developed heart pumps the blood through the arteries and vessels and from there into sinuses and finally back into the heart.
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Digestion
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Arthropods have evolved to live and eat almost anything, from filter feeders, to carnivores, it can do it all.
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Excretion
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Excrete nitrongenic waste using Malpighian tubes.
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Reproduction
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Either internal or external, male injects sperm, or drops it off. The female lays the eggs that the male fertilizes.
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Nervous System
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All arthropods have a brain and a well developed nervous system.
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Symmetry
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Bilateral
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Unique interesting fact
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Contains a heart and crude lungs, breathes through spiracles.
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List of Habitats
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All over the world where there is enough food to sustain life.
Echinoderms
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Back
Distinguishing Traits
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Echinoderm means spiny skin they get this because of the tightly stretched skin over the spiny skeleton.
Form and Function Information
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Locomotion/movement
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Move using tube feet, which are in turn attached to moveable spines attached to the endoskeleton.
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Respiration
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Thin walled tissues on the tube feet provide the main source for respiration, however there are a select few who carry the gift of gills.
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Circulation
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Contain a water vascular system that works water through vessels collecting waste, and then out through the anus.
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Digestion
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Spits out it’s stomach onto the prey, usually a clam and digestive enzymes to digest the mollusk within its own shell. It then pulls its stomach back in.
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Excretion
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Digestive wastes are released as feces through the anus Nitrogen-containing cellular waste is expelled through thin walled tissues in the form of ammonia.
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Reproduction
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External fertilization, both egg and sperm are released and connect to make a free swimming larvae. Swims to the bottom and develops into and adult.
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Nervous System
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Most contain a nerve ring that surrounds the mouth. As wel as scattered sensory cells to detect light, gravity as well as chemicals.
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Symmetry
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Radial symmetry as adults but bilateral as a baby.
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Unique or Interesting Facts
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Have the ability to regenerate, can create up to 5 completely new sea stars through regeneration.
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Habitats or Biomes
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Along sea shores and deeper into the sea.
Chordates
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Distinguishing traits
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Only one in this group that has a spine.
Form and Function Information
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Locomotion/movement
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Chordates move using muscles attached to its bone structures, they either walk, fly or swim.
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Respiration
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Breath using lungs, some breath with gills as babies but develop lungs as it gets older.
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Circulation
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Most contain a closed circulatory system, that carries nutrients and oxygen.
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Digestion
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Contain a full digestive system with a mouth at one end and an anus at the other.
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Excretion
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Excrete waste from the anus or possibly from specialized glands on the body.
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Reproduction
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Reproduce sexually.
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Nervous System
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Contain hollow nerve chord with branches out to the appendages and all over the body.
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Symmetry
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Either bilateral or asymmetrical.
Unique interesting facts.
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A frog is a member of this phylum and goes through two completely different lives, one as a fish with gills and a seconds as a full amphibian with lungs.
List of Habitats
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Anywhere on Earth with the right conditions and enough food for the animal to survive.