Transcript Adaptations in Organisms

Adaptations in Organisms
Transport and Excretion
• What is it?
– You breath in oxygen, but how does it get
throughout your body?
– How does water get throughout your body?
– What if you need to take in salt or remove it?
Respiration
• Exchange of gases
Nutrition
• Feeding adaptations
• Autotrophic vs heterotrophic
Reproduction growth and
development
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Sexual vs asexual
Internal fertilization vs external fertilization
Eggs, sperm, spores, seeds
Placental vs non placental
Single Cellular Organisms
Bacteria and Protists
Transport and Excretion
• How they get what they need to cells and how
they move waste from cells of organs of
excretion
– Diffusion
Gas Exchange
• Some protists and bacteria use photosynthesis,
some use respiration and some use both
• Protist Video
Nutrition
• Heterotrophic, autotrophic or both?
Reproduction, Growth and
Development
• Bacteria: Can they have sex?
• Conjugation
• binary fission
• Protists: Mostly asexual
Fungi
Transport
• They absorb nutrients from dead organisms
and decaying organic matter and it diffuses
throughout their mycelium (parts that make
up their body)
Gas exchange
• They go through aerobic or sometimes
anaerobic respiration
Nutrition
• They are heterotrophic and eat decaying
organic matter (such as horse poop)
Reproduction, Growth and
Development
• Fungi can sometimes reproduce sexually with
spores and sometimes asexually
– Asexually budding or fragmentation
– yeast budding
Plants
• Bill Nye The Science Guy Plants
Non-Vascular Plants
mosses
How do they get what they need?
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Transport and excretion: Diffusion
Gas exchange: through diffusion
Nutrition: Photosynthesis
Reproduction, growth and development:
sexually by sperm and eggs
Vascular Plants
Transport and excretion
• Transpiration
Gas Exchange
Nutrition
Reproduction
• Seeds or spores depending on type of plant
• Flowering plants
• Pollination
Adaptations in Animals
Sponges
Sponges
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Transport and excretion: Diffusion
Gas exchange: Respiration
Nutrition: Filter feeders
Reproduction: Sexual
• sponges
Cnidarians
Cnidarians
• Transport and excretion:
Diffusion
• Respiration: Aerobic
respiration
• Digestion: Use
nematocysts for digestion
• Reproduction: Asexual or
sexual
• Nematocyst
• Box Jelly
Flatworms
Flatworms
• Transport and excretion:
Digestive tract (finally!)
• Respiration: Aerobic
respiration
• Nutrition: Mouth and
digestive tract (but only
one opening!!!)
• Reproduction Growth and
Development: Sexual
reproduction externally
• Flatworm sex
• tapeworm
Mollusks
Octopus
Transport and excretion
• Transport and excretion: closed circulatory
system for transport and nephridia for
excretion
Mollusks
• Respiration: Gills or
lungs (depending if on
land or in water)
• Nutrition: Filter feeder
or through mouth
(radula)
• Reproduction: Sexually
externally
Segmented worms
Transport and Excretion
• Closed circulatory system, digestive system
and anus
Segmented Worms
• Respiration: Skin
• Nutrition: Mouth and
anus
• Reproduction: Sexually
using eggs and sperm
• Annelids
Arthropods
Insects, crustaceans and arachnids
Transport and excretion
• Open circulatory system (they are small)
• Digestive system and anus
• What is their outer skeleton called?
Respiration
• Tracheal tubes, spiracles, book lungs or gills in
underwater crustaceans
Nutrition
• Mouthparts specialized for eating
Reproduction
• Sexually internally or externally
• Praying Mantis male gets eaten
• Barnacle