Transcript Unit 11 Animal Evolution Chp 33 Invertebrate

CHAPTER 33
INVERTEBRATES
PARAZOA
Sessile
Porous Bodies
BILATERIA
Phylum Porifera
Sponges
Filter/ Suspension Feeders (pump water)
Color - symbiotic algae
Regeneration
Hermaphrodites
Acoelemates
Tapeworm, Flukes
Phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
Free-living forms
Mesoderm (triploblastic)
Some parasites (tapeworm/fluke) True muscle tissue
Lack a digestive tract
Flattened dorsoventrally
Head (cephalized)
Lack organs specialized for
Pair of eyespots
gas exchange and circulation
Osmoregulatory (pharynx opening) Smell
Learn to modify their
Hermaphrodites, copulating
responses to stimuli
Phylum Cnidaria
Sea Anemone, Jellies
Sac with a central digestive compartment
Sessile polyp and the floating medusa
Stinging capsules
RADIATA
Tentacles (capture prey)
BILATERIA
Muscles and nerves (simple)
No brain
Noncentralized nerve net
Pseudocoelemates
Phylum Rotifera
Jaws
Crowns of cilia
Some Parthenogenesis (all females)
Complete digestive tract
Some degenerate males (sperm donors)
Mouth and anus
??
Central Digestive Compartment
Simple “Muscle and Nerve”
True Muscle Tissue
Nerve Cord/ Ganglia
Cephalization
Complete Digestive Tract
PSEUDOCEOLOMATES
Phylum Nematoda (round worms)
Pinworm, hookworm
Nonsegmented pseudocoelomates
Tough cuticle covering (exoskeleton)
Molting, or ecdysis
Complete digestive tract
No circulatory system
Separate sexes
Internal fertilization
YouTube - Roundworm inside cat's intestine
YouTube - Parasites Eating Us Alive - Part 2
YouTube - Parasite Monsters Inside Me - Part 1
YouTube - Monsters Inside Me: Toddler Under Attack
YouTube - Monsters Inside Me- Pork Tapeworm
YouTube - Removing Intestinal Worms and Parasites from a 3 Year Old
Phylum Mollusca
Snails and slugs (land), oysters, clams, octopuses and squids
PROTOSTOMIA
Most have hard shell made of calcium carbonate
Muscular foot
Gills
Open circulatory system
Visceral mass
Radula to scrape up food Dorsal heart
Mantle
Circulatory fluid (hemolymph)
Arteries
Nerve cords
Excretory organs
(nephridia)
Most separate
sexes, with
gonads (ovaries
or testes)
Class:
Cephalopoda
complex brain
closed circulatory system
YouTube - Wow! Giant octopus - extreme animals - BBC wildlife
YouTube - Cuttlefish: Chameleons of the Sea
PROTOSTOMIA
Coelom
Segmentation
Phylum Annelida (segmented worms)
Earthworm, leaches
Digestive system with
specialized regions
Closed circulatory system
Blood pumping vessels
Brainlike pair of cerebral
ganglia
Pair of nerve cords
Hermaphrodites, but they
cross-fertilize
Regeneration (asexual)
PROTOSTOMIA
Phylum: Arthropoda
Segmented coelomates
Two out of every three organisms known are arthropods
Nearly all habitats
Exoskeletons (cuticle/chiton)
Well-developed sensory organs (sight, smell, touch)
Molting (ecdysis)
Jointed appendages
Cephalization is extensive
modified for walking, feeding, sensory reception,
Open circulatory systems (hemolymph)
copulation, and defense
Heart (arteries and spaces called sinuses)
Specialized gas exchange (gills/ trachea)
Antenna surface
Eyelash
Phylum Echinodermata
Sea Stars, Sea Urchins, Sand Dollars
Water vascular system and secondary
Radial anatomy
Regeneration
Sessile or slow-moving animals
Endoskeleton
Water vascular system
Tube feet
Metamorphosis from bilateral larvae
DEUTEROSTOMIA
DEUTEROSTOMIA
Phylum Chordata
Two subphyla of invertebrate animals plus the
subphylum Vertebrata, the animals with backbones
??
Central Digestive Compartment
Simple “Muscle and Nerve”
True Muscle Tissue
Nerve Cord/ Ganglia
Cephalization
Complete Digestive Tract
Segmentation
Digestive system with
specialized regions
Closed Circulatory System
Jointed appendages
Specialized gas exchange
Well-developed sensory organs
Cephalization is extensive
Exoskeleton
Internal Fertilization
Endoskeleton
Open circulatory system
Dorsal heart
Circulatory fluid (hemolymph)
Arteries
Excretory Organs
Gonads
Cephalopods
Complex Brains
Closed Circulatory System
Summary the animal phyla we have discussed in this
chapter.
Choanocytes (collar cells--unique flagellated cells that ingest bacteria and tiny food
particles); cells tend to be totipotent (retain zygote’s potential to form the whole animal)
Unique stinging structures (cnidae), each housed in a specialized cell (cnidocyte);
gastrovascular cavity (incomplete digestive tract with a mouth but no anus)
Colloblasts (adhesive structures) for prey capture; eight rows of comblike ciliary plates;
gastrovascular cavity
Dorsoventrally flattened, unsegmented acoelomates; gastrovascular cavity or no
disgestive tract
Pseudocoelomates with complete digestive tracts; jaws in pharynx structures (trophi);
head with a cilated crown (corona); no circulatory system
Coelomates with lophophore (feeding structure bearing cilated tentacles)
Unique anterior proboscis surrounded by fluid-filled cavity (rhynchocoel); complete
digestive tract (mouth and anus); circulatory system with closed vessels
Coelomates with three main body parts (muscular foot, visceral mass, mantle); coelom
reduced; main body cavity is a hemocoel
Coelomates with body wall and internal organs (except digestive tract) segmented
Cylindrical, unsegmented pseudocoelomates with tapered ends; no circulatory system
Coelomates with segmented body, jointed appendages, exoskeleton from ectoderm
Coelomates with secondary radial anatomy (larvae bilateral; adults radial); unique water
vascular system; endoskeleton
Coelomates with notochord; dorsal hollow nerve cord; pharyngeal slits; muscular
postanal tail