Transcript - EM-DAT

QUALITY, RELIABILITY AND
SUSTAINABILITY OF NATIONAL DISASTER
DATABASES
Preliminary Results
R.Below and F. Vos
EM-DAT TAG Meeting, New York, 26-27 October, 2009
DATABASE DESCRIPTION
Database Description: Nepal, Sri Lanka,
Indonesia (DesInventar model)
Name of Database
Acronym
Organization
Online database
NEPAL
SRI LANKA
Disaster Inventory/Information
Management System
DIMS
Sri Lanka Disaster Information
System
SDIS
Indonesian Disaster Data and
Information database
Dibi
National Society for
Earthquake Technology
(NSET)
Disaster Management Centre
(DMC)
National Disaster Management
Agency (BNPB)
YES
YES
YES
INDONESIA
Level of Observation
Sub-national
Sub-national
Sub-national
Resolution
Local
Local
Local
Coverage
National
National
National
Type of events monitored
Time period covered
Natural and technological
disasters
1971-2003 (2004-2008)
(38 years)
16,879
Natural and technological
disasters
1974-2009
(36 years)
100,846
Natural, non-natural and social
disasters
1997-2008
(12 years)
6,110
Languages
English, Nepali
English
English, Indonesian
Sources
National newspapers
Government
Media
Government
Paul Spiegel (2005). Differences in World Responses to
Number
of records
Natural
Disasters and Complex Emergencies. JAMA , Vol. 293 (15), pp. 1915-1918
Database Description: Vietnam, Bangladesh,
Philippines (Independent Models)
VIETNAM
BANGLADESH
PHILIPPINES
Damage and needs assessment
system
DANA
Disaster Incidence Database
Comprehensive Disaster
Management Programme
(CDMP), Ministry of Food and
Disaster Management (MoFDM)
YES (in development)
Office of Civil Defence
Online database
Department of Dyke, Flood and
Storm Control (DDMFSC) –
Disaster Management Center
(DMC)
YES (in development)
Level of Observation
Sub-national
National and sub-national
National and sub-national
Resolution
National and local
Sub-districts
National and Sub-national
Coverage
National
National
National
Type of events monitored
Natural water-related disasters
Natural disasters, major accidents
and conflict
1968-2009
(42 years)
Over 500
Name of Database/Acronym
Acronym
Organization
DIDB
Calamidat.PH Disaster Event
Database
Calamidat
YES (in development)
Number of records
211
Natural disasters, accidents and
complex emergencies
1970-2009
(40 years)
76
Languages
English - Vietnamese
English
English
Sources
Governments
Government
Government
Media
Paul Spiegel (2005).
in World Responses to
1989 – Differences
2008
years)
Natural Disasters(20and
Complex Emergencies. JAMA , Vol. 293 (15), pp. 1915-1918
Time period covered
DATABASE ANALYSIS
Database Analysis (1)
NEPAL
Methodology
Concepts and definitions
Data collection
Data entry
Data analysis
No entry criteria
Standard definitions
Hierarchical classification
Standard data collection
Standard entry form and
methodology
Yes, tables, charts (through
DesConsultar software),
Separate analysis in excel;
SRI LANKA
No entry criteria
Standard definition
Equal classification (other
classification use only to
produce analysis)
Standard data collection
Standard entry form and
methodology
Yes, tables, charts (through
DesConsultar software);
Technical orientation
Use of a unique ID number
Accuracy and Reliability
Data sources
Access database;
YES
Relational database, SQL;
NO
Priority: media; No source
checking;
Priority: Government, and
then press (historical data)
Database
Standard compilation
Standard compilation
Training
Initial training, no follow up
Depends on funding; user
manual integrated into
DesInventar but additional
training required
INDONESIA
No entry criteria
Standard definitions
Equal classification
No standard data collection
Standard entry form and
methodology
Yes, tables, charts (through
DesConsultar software); Data
analyzed in excel and ArcGIS,
PostgreSQL database,
Relational database, SQL
NO
Data from local governments,
validated by nat. government;
University;
Paul Spiegel (2005).
Differences in World
Responses to
procedures
procedure
No validation
Validation ofJAMA
data with,Gov.
No data
checking
once
Natural Disasters and
Complex Emergencies.
Vol. 293
(15),
pp.
1915-1918
inserted;
Training for users and
database administrators
Database Analysis (1b)
VIETNAM
Methodology

Concepts and definitions No entry criteria
Standard definition
Equal classification
Existence of Criteria + use of
National standard
Equal classification
6 sources : 3 governmental,
Ngo’s and press (both gov and
private); priority given to gov.
sources
Paul
Spiegel
(2005).
Differences
in
World
Responses
Database
Standard compilation
Standard
compilation to
procedures
procedure (limited
Natural Disasters and
Complex Emergencies.
JAMAcurrently
, Vol.
at the event/national level)
Training
No training for staff, guidelines No specific training, guidelines
available
needed
Government (NDCC report),
priority given to official/gov.
sources
Data collection
Data entry
Standard data collection
Standard entry form

Data analysis
No data analysis

Technical orientation
Flat database linked to
excel/PDF files;
NO
Use of a unique ID
number
Accuracy and Reliability

Data sources


PHILIPPINES
No entry criteria
Standard definition (not
complete)
Equal classification
Standard data collection
Standard entry form
Data control at different level;
No data analysis (not
integrated into the system) –
only GIS component
Relational database connected
to GIS interface
YES



BANGLADESH
One source CCFSC
(government), data checked
with CCFSC;
Standard data collection
Standard entry form
Data control at different levels;
Basic analysis through an
Integrated system (tables &
graphs)
MySQL
YES
Standard compilation
procedure
293
(15), pp. 1915-1918
No specific training but staff
supervision
Database Analysis (2)
SRI LANKA
INDONESIA
YES - Printed reports , online
data querying and extraction,
no GIS functions; no further
analysis or development of
outputs
Via DesConsultar tool
User guidelines website, no
tools to facilitate
interpretation of outputs
YES - Preliminary report
(2007), new report upcoming
on disaster risk poverty and
human development + district
based report
Via DesConsultar tool
User guidelines website but
not enough
YES - Printed analytical
reviews, online data querying
and extraction, GIS and Hazard
Prone Index;
No interval
NEPAL
Serviceability

Outputs and functions


Interpretability
User documentation

Timeliness/periodicity
Yearly basis

Relevance and user
profile
None

Monitoring of user profile,
UNDP and DMC working
together to address needs of
users
Interoperability (GLIDE) Common format within
Common format within
Desinventar, no data shared
DesInventar; project of linking
Paul Spiegel (2005).
Differences
in
World
Responses
to
with other DBs; No use of
with other
database in the
GLIDE Complex Emergencies.
country/gov.JAMA
agencies , Vol.
Natural Disasters and
(technical issues first to be
solved); No use of GLIDE
Via DesConsultar tool
User guidelines website
(Indonesian language), no
tools at website to facilitate
interpretation of outputs, but
exist in reports;
Data published on yearly basis
Monitoring of user profile
Common formats within
Desinventar, data shared with
Indonesian poverty reduction
program
database
293
(15),
pp.(SIMPADU);
1915-1918
No use of GLIDE
Database Analysis (2b)
VIETNAM
Serviceability
Outputs and functions
Interpretability
User documentation
Timeliness/periodicity
Relevance and user profile
Interoperability (GLIDE)
Online information querying,
access to full event reports
(PDF) and yearly summaries as
static tables; no GIS functions,
No tools to facilitate
interpretation of outputs;
User guidelines in Vietnamese
language;
BANGLADESH
PHILIPPINES
Online querying information
but limited to reports; full
access to reports (PDF); GIS
function
Limited functions
Online querying information
(ongoing), access to full event
reports (PDF)
Under preparation
Under preparation
Data publicly available within 2 +/-real time
weeks;
No user profiles
No user profile (non-relevant
/database development at
early stage)
Not part of database network, Not part of database network,
no data shared with other DBs, GLIDE used
GLIDE not used
Limited functions
Data available within 2 to 3
weeks
No user profiles
ADRC and OSADI, GLIDE used
Paul Spiegel (2005). Differences in World Responses to
Natural Disasters and Complex Emergencies. JAMA , Vol. 293 (15), pp. 1915-1918
Database Analysis (3)
NEPAL
Accessibility

Restrictions

Contact details
Credibility

Transparency
SRI LANKA
Data free of charge, accessible
from 1971-2007;
General address available on
NSET website
Data free of charge
Information on database
methodology, objectives,
definitions, data sources
Information on institute, goals
and objectives of database,
methodology, definitions,
sources
Minimum contact details
available on DMC website

Expertise
Information on data analysis,
dissemination and limitation
Information on data analysis,
dissemination

Quality Management

Impartiality
Management supportive of
quality improvement
Data not used for resource
allocations
Management supportive of
quality improvement
Data used for resource
allocation
INDONESIA
Data free of charge, accessible
from 1997-2008;
Contact details available on
Dibi website
Information on institute,
database objectives,
methodology and definitions
in report, no info of data
sources
Conference attended
Management supportive of
quality improvement
Data used for resource
allocation, role in
respectability
Paul Spiegel (2005). Differences in World Responses to
Natural Disasters and Complex Emergencies. JAMA , Vol. 293 (15), pp. 1915-1918
Database Analysis (3b)
VIETNAM
Accessibility

Restrictions
PHILIPPINES
BANGLADESH
No cost, accessible from 19892008;
No cost; but access limited
No cost, no restriction to
access data

Contact details
Credibility

Transparency
YES
YES
YES
Information available on
institute
Information available

Expertise
No reports
No information; at this point
the database is not used
widely
No reports

Quality Management
Management supportive of
quality improvement

Impartiality
Data used for resource
allocations
Management support for
further improvement of data
quality
Data used for resources
allocations
Yes, report from OCD & NDCC
member agencies
Data used when new events
occurring, press conference
Management supportive of
quality improvement
Data indirectly used for
resources allocations
Paul Spiegel (2005). Differences in World Responses to
Natural Disasters and Complex Emergencies. JAMA , Vol. 293 (15), pp. 1915-1918
Database Analysis (4)
NEPAL
Prerequisites and
sustainability

Institutional framework

Resources

Collaboration network

Continuity
SRI LANKA
INDONESIA
Government
UNDP/Regional Centre,
DesInventar/La Red, UNDP and
DMC
Lack of resources for daily data entry;
No collaboration with other
DesInventar/LaRed and UNDP ,
databases;
Gov.agencies
Maintained independently, but
need support from UNDP for
sustainability, integrated in
government dept.,
Long-term objective of
institutionalizing disaster
inventory from local to
national level, no current
support from stakeholders
Long-term objective of
capacity development for
database management local
governments, incl. emergency
response information
Maintained independently
with limited functions
Linking with other data sets
from Governmental agencies
Resources needed for staff at
BNPB
UNDP, BNPB, BAPPENAS, DFID,
Ministry of Home Affairs for
developing database
Paul Spiegel (2005). Differences in World Responses to
Natural Disasters and Complex Emergencies. JAMA , Vol. 293 (15), pp. 1915-1918
Database Analysis (4b)
VIETNAM
Prerequisites and
sustainability

Institutional framework

Resources

Collaboration network

Continuity
Dependent of institutional
framework;
Funding covered data
compilation, software and
office, but not sustainable on
the long-term
Long-term objective of
implementing relational webbased database system for
data compilation and querying
at local and for national level
BANGLADESH
PHILIPPINES
Government, database handed Government
over to the Gov. if programme Database stay within the Gov.
ends
and is stated within the OCD
mandates;
UNDP, EU and DFID
ADRC
Not involved in any
collaborative network
New database; keep ongoing
with more comprehensive
approach and collaboration
with other database network
ADRC, OSADI/ASEAN, NDCC
member agencies
Joint collaboration to produce
analytical products, improve
inter-operability
Paul Spiegel (2005). Differences in World Responses to
Natural Disasters and Complex Emergencies. JAMA , Vol. 293 (15), pp. 1915-1918
DATABASE COMPARISON
Database Comparison: EM-DAT vs NEPAL
EM-DAT
DIMS
Global Comparison
Time coverage entire database
1900-2008 (108 years)
1971-2008 (38 years)
Total entries (Natural disasters)
86
11,867
Criteria
10 killed; 100 affected; Declaration state of
emergency; Request for international help
Indicators
Any event included in the Disaster List
Deaths, Injured, Homeless, Affected, Total
Deaths, injured, affected, missing, evacuated,
Affected, Economic Losses, Insured Losses
relocated, houses, routes, farming & forest,
livestock, education, hospitals, economic
costs
Sources
UN, Country Government, US Government,
National Newspapers
IFRC, NGO’S, ReInsurance Companies
Relative completeness
100%=86
100%=11,867
% records (affected)
56%
30%
% records (economic losses)
21%
15%
No human impact reported
7%
30%
Paul Spiegel (2005). Differences in World Responses to
85%
40%
Natural Disasters and Complex Emergencies. JAMA , Vol. 293 (15), pp. 1915-1918
% records (deaths)
Database Comparison: EM-DAT vs SRI LANKA
EM-DAT
SDIS
Global Comparison
Time coverage entire database
1900-2008 (108 years)
1974-2008 (36 years)
Total entries (Natural Disasters)
69
100,838
Criteria
10 killed; 100 affected; Declaration state of
Any event included in the Disaster List
emergency, Request for international help
Indicators
Deaths, Injured, Homeless, Affected, Total
Affected, Deaths, Injured, Missing, Homeless,
Affected, Economic Losses, Insured Losses
Relocated, Evacuees
UN, Country Government, US Government,
Governmental
IFRC, NGO’S, ReInsurance Companies
Press
Relative completeness
100% = 69
100% = 100,838
% records (deaths)
70%
2%
Sources
Paul Spiegel (2005). Differences
in World Responses
77%
92%to
Natural Disasters and Complex
Emergencies. JAMA0%, Vol. 293 (15), pp. 1915-1918
% records (economic losses)
29%
% records (affected)
No human impact reported
6%
7%
Database Comparison: EM-DAT vs VIETNAM
EM-DAT
DANA
Global Comparison
Time coverage entire database
1900-2008 (108 years)
1989-2008 (20 years)
Total entries*
159
211
Criteria
10 killed; 100 affected; Declaration state of
Any event included in the Disaster list
emergency
Request for international help
Indicators
Deaths, Injured, Homeless, Affected, Total
Deaths, injured, affected, missing, affected
Affected, Economic Losses, Insured Losses
households, houses, education, health,
agriculture, irrigation, transportation, fisheries,
communication, industry, construction, water &
sanitation, others, economic costs
Sources
UN, Country Government, US Government,
Government
IFRC, NGO’S, ReInsurance Companies
Relative completeness
100% = 159
100%=211 records
% records (affected)
69%
75%
% records (economic losses)
50%
100%
No human impact reported
2%
0%
Paul Spiegel (2005). Differences in World Responses to
89%
100%
Natural Disasters and Complex Emergencies. JAMA , Vol. 293 (15), pp. 1915-1918
% records (deaths)
Database Comparison: EM-DAT vs BANGLADESH
EM-DAT
DIBD
Global Comparison
Time coverage for entire database
1900-2008 (108 years)
1970-2008 (40 years)
Total entries (Natural Disasters)
295
76
Criteria
10 killed; 100 affected; Declaration state of
No
emergency
Request for international help
Indicators
Deaths, Injured, Homeless, Affected, Total
Deaths, Injured, Missing, Affected, Evacuated,
Affected, Economic Losses, Insured Losses
Economic damage, Sector damage,
Infrastructure damage, Aid contribution
Sources
UN, Country Government, US Government,
Government sources, Media, Ngo’s
IFRC, NGO’S, ReInsurance Companies
Relative completeness
100% = 295
100%=76
% records (deaths)
89%
n.a.
% records (economic losses)
51%
n.a.
No human impact reported
5%
n.a.
Paul Spiegel (2005). Differences in World Responses to
47%
n.a.
Natural Disasters and Complex Emergencies. JAMA , Vol. 293 (15), pp. 1915-1918
% records (affected)
Database Comparison: EM-DAT vs PHILIPPINES
EM-DAT
CALAMIDAT
Global Comparison
Time coverage for entire database
1900-2008 (108 years)
1968-2008 (42 years)
Total entries (Natural Disasters)
454
497
Criteria
10 killed; 100 affected; Declaration state of
Destructive tropical cyclones, all other disaster
emergency; Request for international help
incidents which have significant effects
Deaths, Injured, Homeless, Affected, Total
Deaths, Missing, Affected, Injured, Displaced,
Affected, Economic Losses, Insured Losses
Casualties, IDPs, Survivor, Economic losses
UN, Country Government, US Government,
Government
Indicators
Sources
IFRC, NGO’S, ReInsurance Companies
Relative completeness
100% = 454
100% = 497
% records (deaths)
85%
55%
% records (affected)
74%
88%
2%
n.a.
Paul Spiegel (2005). Differences in World Responses to
56%
70%
Natural Disasters and Complex Emergencies. JAMA , Vol. 293 (15), pp. 1915-1918
% records (economic losses)
No human impact reported
Database Comparison: EM-DAT vs INDONESIA
EM-DAT
DIBI
Global Comparison
Time coverage entire database
1900-2008 (108 years)
1997-2008 (12 years)
Total entries (Natural Disasters)
379
5,256
Criteria
10 killed; 100 affected
Any event included in the Disaster List
Declaration state of emergency
Request for international help
Indicators
Deaths, Injured, Homeless, Affected, Total
Deaths, injured, affected, missing, evacuated,
Affected, Economic Losses, Insured Losses
houses, hospitals, education, rice fields,
roads, economic costs
Sources
UN, Country Government, US Government,
Government
IFRC, NGO’S, ReInsurance Companies
Relative completeness
100% = 379
100% = 5,256
% records (affected)
69%
10%
% records (economic losses)
25%
15%
No human impact reported
2%
70%
Paul Spiegel (2005). Differences in World Responses to
78%
15%
Natural Disasters and Complex Emergencies. JAMA , Vol. 293 (15), pp. 1915-1918
% records (deaths)
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
General Conclusions and Recommendations
1. Methodology
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Absence of entry criteria (definition of disaster?)
Hierarchical classification allow querying and sorting data on
higher/lower scales
Moving from a location-based data entry model towards an eventbased data entry model: allow analyzes at local and national level
Use of ID number (GLIDE?) necessary for inter-operability and reaggregation of dataset
Structure of the database has to be developed at a longer-term
before any implementation
Use of standards for increasing accuracy of data, facilitating the
compilation and allowing inter-operablity
Analytical capacities limited but needed for outputs
General Conclusions and Recommendations
2. Accuracy and reliability
•
•
•
Priority mainly given to Government, secondary source (media); lead
to the question of accurracy of the data
Strenghtening validation process to ensure the accuracy and
reliability of data
Staff training and guideline seen as a priority
General Conclusions and Recommendations
3. Serviceability
•
•
•
•
•
•
Analytical capacity to be developed (production of reports, etc ..) +
increase visibility
Development of further querying functions on the website (users)
Limited tools for interpretation of outputs (visibility)
User documentation usually incomplete, lead to inappropriate use of
data or misunderstanding
Reinforce collaboration network within the country or institutions
collecting data in order to complete/cross check the information
Reinforce the collaboration at a international level in order to
share/exchange knowledge (creation of a platform)
General Conclusions and Recommendations
4. Accessibility
•
In general no restrictions/technical barriers
5. Credibility
•
•
Ensure management is supportive of quality improvement at longterm
Sharing information on database’s goals and objectives,
methodology, concepts and definitions, etc … could reinforce
credibility, integrity and professionalism
General Conclusions and Recommendations
6. Pre-requisites and sustainability
•
•
•
•
Institutional framework to be guaranteed at long-term even if
Government is taking over
Funding: Usually for additional staff or capacities for
development/analysis
Network: Reinforce collaboration within the country but also
internationally
Ensure continuity of the database
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION