Transcript The HOT List of TAKS Vocabulary

The HOT List of
Math Vocabulary and
Knowledge
“Words and other stuff you
should know…”
Created by: Melissa Williams
This is stuff a 7th grader should know how to do:
• Compare and order rational numbers
 Convert between forms of rational numbers
• Represent squares and square roots
• Know what multiplication and division of fractions and
decimals look like in models
• Add, subtract, multiply and divide fractions and decimals
• Model integers
• Find unit rates (best buy) and work with other ratios
• Use the order of operations
 Know HOW and WHEN to add, subtract, multiply or divide
to solve a problem (whole numbers, fractions, decimals)
 Know if an answer is reasonable
 Solve percent problems
 Solve proportions of any type, especially with
similar figures, scales, unit costs, measurements
• Make measurement conversions
• Graph data to demonstrate relationships
• Use words and symbols to describe terms in a
sequence (nth term, rules, input/output tables)
• Solve equations with models
 Select an appropriate equation for a problem
situation
• Find complementary and supplementary angles
• Classify triangles and quadrilaterals
• Classify pyramids, prisms, cones, and cylinders
 Understand and apply the definition of “similar”
• Use ordered pairs on a coordinate graph
 Graph reflections across the x or y axis
 Graph translations
• Identify 3-d views from different perspectives
• Recognize nets for 3-d figures
• Solve problems using your knowledge of geometry
 Find perimeter, circumference and area
 Find volume of prisms and cylinders
• Select a sample space for simple/composite
experiments
• Find the probability of independent events
• Understand how to use, read, and interpret
different types of graphs
 Draw conclusions from graphs and data
 Find mean, median, mode, and range
 USE ALL THESE SKILLS TOGETHER TO SOLVE
PROBLEMS
• Grid an answer correctly using place value
But…that’s a lot of stuff!
• Yes, it is. STAAR emphasizes
some skills more than others.
• Here’s what I know about the
7th grade STAAR test:
54 questions
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
13 – Rational numbers and operations
13 – Proportional and algebraic thinking
10 - Geometry and spatial reasoning
8 - Measurement
10 - Probability and statistics
4 of these are griddables
If it’s longer than this, some are
“field” questions
Rational numbers
• Convert between fractions,
decimals, percents, and whole
numbers
• Use addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division to solve
problems (including fractions and
decimals)
• Select and use appropriate
operations to solve problems and
justify solutions
Proportional/algebraic
thinking
• Solve percent problems
• Solve problems involving proportions
(similarity, scales, unit costs, and
related measurement units)
• Select a problem situations when
given a simple equation OR
formulate an equation when given a
problem situation
Geometry
• Understand and use the
definition of similar figures
• Graph reflections across the
horizontal or vertical axis
• Graph translations on a
coordinate plane
Measurement
• Solve problems involving perimeter
and circumference
• Solve problems involving area of
polygons and other shapes
• Solve problems involving volume of
prisms (rectangular and triangular)
and cylinders
Probability/Statistics
• Make inferences and convincing
arguments based on data
analysis (graphs and charts)
• Choose among mean, median,
mode, or range to describe a set
of data
Reviewing some of the
basics…
Do you remember?
To convert a fraction into a
decimal:
TI
BO
3
5
Top in, Bottom out
5
3
To convert a decimal into a
fraction:
• Write it how you
would say it, then
simplify if
necessary.
÷2
6 3

• 0.6 = six tenths =
10 5
÷2
To convert a fraction into a percent:
• Rewrite it using
100 as a
denominator
X5
3
?

20 100
X5
• 15%
• Convert it into a
decimal, then
move the decimal
TWICE to the right
.15 = 15%
20 3
Comparing and Ordering
1
,22%,3,.4
3
• When comparing a
mix of fractions,
decimals, and
percents it is best
to convert them
into the same form!
Read carefully!
• Least to greatest?
• Greatest to least?
• Use a number line
or picture to help.
Order of Operations
• PEMDAS
– Parentheses
– Exponents
– Multiply/Divide
– Add/Subtract
Remember, always
work left to right
following the rules!
AS
MD
E
• P
Integer Rule Rhyme
Scoreboard to add,
+
-
Subtract use S.O.O
(same, opposite, opposite)
+ - Multiply/divide use tic-tac-toe…
- + - - +
Integer models
• Remember, integer “chips” can be used to
represent problem situations
What is the value
of this picture?
Vocabulary:
Positive
Negative
“Zero” or neutral pairs
Find a key or read the problem to identify the
“positive” and “negative”
integer chips.
Equation Models
Make sure you
know what is
“positive” and
what is
“negative”!
x
x
Keep it “fair and balanced.” What
happens on one side MUST be done to
the other side. You may:
•Remove objects
•Add objects
•Put objects into equal groups
Squares and square roots
x2
12 = 1 x 1 = 1
22 = 2 x 2 = 4
32 = 3 x 3 = 9
And so on…
1
4
9
A perfect square
can be represented
as the AREA of a
square.
A number, that when
multiplied by itself, equals
a given product.
36  6
A square root can
be represented as
being the SIDE
LENGTH of a
square.
121  11
5
25
Models of Multiplying Fractions
Remember, the answer is
shaded with BOTH
patterns.
1 1 1
 
2 2 4
1
2
1
2
Proportions
•
•
•
•
•
Used to make comparisons
Used in similar figures
Used to make measurement conversions
Used to find unit rates
Used to work with percents
• Can be written different ways, as long as the crossproducts are the same!
a c

b d
%
part

100 whole
Setting up Proportions
When reading a word problem,
look for what is being compared,
then create a proportion box with
labels.
Melissa paid $9 for 4 tickets to the school play. How much would she pay for 14 tickets?
$
9
?
tickets
4
14
9 x

4 14
ALWAYS be sure the labels match! You can’t switch from hours to minutes
without a conversion…
Percent words:
• Discount – savings; the money you save
when something is on sale (gets
subtracted)
• Tax – the money you pay when you buy
something (gets added)
• Tip – the money you leave a waiter or
waitress (gets added)
• Sale price – a reduced price
%
part
These problems require CAREFUL reading!

Common sense is good too!
100 whole
Similar Figures:
• Figures that have Congruent Angles and
Proportional Sides (CAPS)
• A scale factor exists between similar figures
(sometimes, it’s obvious, but other times you must
write and solve a proportion)
3.2
cm
2.1
cm
4.3 cm
x
2.1 4.3

3.2
x
Unit rates
• 3 pencils for $1.20
• 5 pencils for $1.95
• 2 pencils for $0.94
These are DIVISION problems.
•If I can buy 3 for $1.20, they are
40 cents each.
•If I can buy 5 for $1.95, they are
39 cents each.
•If I can by 2 for 94 cents, they
are 47 cents each.
• Unit means “one”
– UNIcorn
– UNIcycle
It’s like Spanish:
-uno, un, or una
The BEST buy is 5 for $1.95, because that is the lowest unit rate.
nth term, Sequences
• 4, 7, 10, 13…
X(input)
1
RULE:
• 3 +1 =
Y (output)
4
+3
2
y = 3x +1
•3+1=
7
+3
3
•3+1=
10
+3
4
•3+1=
13
x
•3+1=
y
Angles
• Complementary
A pair of angles
that add up to 90°
• Supplementary
A pair of angles
that add up to 180°
30°
60°
60°
120°
Coordinate Graph
• A graph that uses ordered pairs to name
locations
II
I
(-,+)
(+,+)
C
x
(+,-)
(-,-)
III
IV
y
Reflection:
• A transformation that “flips” an image,
usually over the x or y axis.
X axis
Y axis
Translation
• A transformation that “slides” an image
up/down, left/right, or a combination of
both
,
I am the
new, or
prime,
image
I am the
original, or
pre-image
This transformation was “to the right and up”
Venn diagram
• Allows similarities and differences to be
made between data
Set
A
Both
sets
Set
B
Neither set
Histogram
• Used to make comparisons and show
distribution of data
• Very similar to a bar graph, but data is grouped
into intervals
Notice that the bars are touching and represent a range of data:
0 to 10, 10 to 20, etc.
Bar Graph
• Used to make comparisons
Notice that the bars do not touch and each one represents a single
piece of data on the x-axis.
Line Graph
• Shows change over time
Line Plot
• Shows distribution of data
Circle graph:
• shows the parts of a whole, often in
percentages
Make sure you
know what the
“whole” is. It
might be a
number given in
the problem or on
a chart.
Measures of Central Tendency
• Mean – find the sum of the values and
divide (makes all the data the same size)
• Median – least to greatest, find the middle
(cuts the data into the top and bottom half)
• Mode – the most, or favorite (indicates
frequency or distribution of data)
Another measure of data…
• Range – the difference between the
largest and smallest piece of data (used to
show variation or consistency of data)
Perimeter/Circumference
• The distance around the outside of a
polygon or circle
• For perimeter, add
• For circumference, use the formula
• Measured in linear units: feet, inches, cm
• Can be “disguised” as fencing, a frame, a
revolution on a ferris wheel, the distance a
tire rolls
Area
• The amount of space inside a 2dimensional object
• Measured in square units: ft2, in2, yd2
• Use the appropriate formula for the shape
• Can be “disguised” as grass in a yard,
paint on a wall, glass over a picture
Volume
fills
• The amount needed to fill (capacity) a 3dimensional object
• Measured in cubic units: yd3, ft3, m3
• Use the correct formula for the shape
Sample Space
• All the possible outcomes
• Example: IF you have the choice of a ham
or turkey sandwich, and either an apple or
an orange
• 2 sandwiches x 2 fruits = 4 outcomes
Turkey and apple
Turkey and orange
Ham and apple
Ham and orange
Probability
• The likelihood of a
single event occurring
event
• P(event) =
totaloutcomes
• Written as a fraction,
it can be simplified or
converted into other
equivalent forms
Compound Probability
• Examples:
– a spinner and a number
cube
– flipping a coin 3 times
– an experiment WITH
replacement
• P (event, another event)
• Write a fraction for each
event and then multiply
(each action gets a fraction)
Don’t know where to Begin?
Could you…
Draw a picture?
Work backwards from the answers?
Use another part of the test for help?
Use your formula chart?
Eliminate answer choices?
Did you ??????
-Show your work?
-Check your addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division?
-Check to see if your answer is
reasonable? (Does it make sense?)
Save time to bubble!
In the past, time was not an issue. Now, you
MUST make sure to have all answers bubbled
BEFORE time is up!!!! Don’t wait!
Make sure your fingers are clean
before you touch your answer sheet.
If you make a mistake
erase it completely.
Circle-Bubble-check
a
Circle: Outline the answer
choice.
a
Bubble: Fill in your choice.
Check: Look for stray marks to
erase
Don’t leave any blank!
a
a
Tell yourself:
If you believe it,
You can achieve it!
Imagine how great it will feel to get your score
back when you’ve worked hard to accomplish
your best!