Transcript NHTSA`s National Center for Statistics & Analysis 13 Crash Location

NHTSA Technical Report Briefing
“National Pedestrian Crash Report”
Author:
Dow Chang
202-366-4128
[email protected]
Pedestrian Crash Briefing
Aug 2008
NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis
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Purpose
•
•
•
•
•
•
Trend in Pedestrian Crashes
Crash Location
Crash Time
Pedestrian Factors
Vehicle Driver Factors
Other Crash Factors, such as light
condition, weather, …
Pedestrian Crash Briefing
Aug 2008
NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis
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Data Sources
 Crash Data
 Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS)
 1997-2005 Final Files and 2006 Annual Report File
 General Estimates System (GES) of National
Automotive Sampling System (NASS)
 1997-2006 Files
 Exposure Data
 Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT)
 Federal Highway Administration
 Population
 Census Bureau
 Walking Miles Traveled (WMT)
o
Bureau of Transportation Statistics, US DOT
Pedestrian Crash Briefing
Aug 2008
NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis
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Crash Trend
Ped Fatalities and Ped Crashes by Year
85,010
92,719
85,088
84,623
76,337
76,709
76,499
74,828
70,421
67,537
Number
5,321
1997
5,228
1998
Pedestrian Crash Death
Pedestrian Crash
4,939
4,763
4,901
4,851
4,774
4,675
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Year
4,892
4,784
2005
2006
Source: FARS and GES
Pedestrian Crash Briefing
Aug 2008
NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis
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Crash Trend
Percentage of Ped Fatalities by Year
13
13
12
%
12
11
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
11
11
11
11
11
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Year
Source: FARS
Pedestrian Crash Briefing
Aug 2008
NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis
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Crash Trend
Ped Fatality Probability and Crash Probability by Year
6.3
6.8
5.3
%
5.6
6.3
5.8
6.2
Fatality Probability
1.3
1.2
1997
1998
1.5
1.3
1.3
1999
2000
2001
6.2
6.9
7.1
Crash Probability
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.1
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Year
Source: FARS and GES
Pedestrian Crash Briefing
Aug 2008
NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis
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Crash Trend
Ped Fatality Rate per One Billion VMT by Year
2.08
1.99
Pedestrian death per 1 billion VMT
1.84
1.73
1997
1998
1999
2000
1.75
1.70
2001
2002
1.65
2003
1.58
2004
1.64
2005
1.59
2006
Year
Source: FARS and FHWA Highway Statistics
Pedestrian Crash Briefing
Aug 2008
NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis
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Crash Trend
Ped Killed by Crash Type and Year
Single Vehicle Crash
Pedestrian Fatalities
4,876
92%
4,801
92%
Multiple Vehicle Crash
4,516
4,340
4,480
4,445
4,310
4,237
4,445
4,327
91%
91%
91%
92%
90%
91%
91%
91%
406
464
438
447
457
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
445
427
423
423
421
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Year
Source: FARS
Pedestrian Crash Briefing
Aug 2008
NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis
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Crash Location
Distribution of Ped Fatalities by Ped Location
The % Distribution of 10-Yr Total Ped Deaths
Section
Roadway Crosswalk Other Total
Crosswalk Availability
Available
21%
9%
0% 30%
Not Available
42%
0%
6% 48%
Unknown
17%
0%
5% 22%
Total
Source: FARS 1997-2005 (Final), 2006 (ARF)
80%
9%
11% 100%
Source: FARS
Pedestrian Crash Briefing
Aug 2008
NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis
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Crash Location
• Over three-fourths (78%) of the pedestrians were
killed at non-intersections.
• Two-thirds of pedestrian fatalities (67%) were in
city street.
•
Only 13% of U.S. cities or towns (5,658)
accounted for those pedestrian fatalities in city
street. (total cities: 42,500)
Source: FARS
Pedestrian Crash Briefing
Aug 2008
NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis
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Crash Location
Distribution of Cities by Number of Ped Killed
10-99 Killed
9%
2-9 Killed
43%
Over 99
City Group Number*
1%
1 Killed
47%
1 Killed
2-9 Killed
10-99
100-199
200-499
500-999
Over 1000
Total
2,692
2,424
498
30
9
4
1
5,658
%
47
43
9
0.6
0.2
0.1
0.0
100
* The number is the total of 10-year period (1997-2006).
Source: FARS
Pedestrian Crash Briefing
Aug 2008
NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis
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Crash Location
Top 5 Cities With the Highest Ped Fatalities
City Name
New York, NY
Los Angeles, CA
Chicago, IL
Phoenix, AZ
Houston, TX
Rank*
1
2
3
4
5
%
3.5
2.0
1.4
1.1
1.0
Number of Fatalities (‘97-‘06)
1,743
986
687
540
514
Source: FARS 1997-2005 (Final), 2006 (ARF) *Rank based on % of 10-yr total fatalities
Source: FARS
Pedestrian Crash Briefing
Aug 2008
NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis
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Crash Location
Top 3 States With the Highest Ped Fatalities
State Name
Rank*
%
Number of Fatalities (’97-’06)
California
1
14.4
7,056
Florida
2
10.4
5,125
Texas
3
8.7
4,269
Source: FARS ‘97-‘05 (Final), 2006 (ARF) *Rank based on % of 10-yr toal fatalities
Top 3 States With the Lowest Ped Fatalities
State Name
Rank*
%
Number of Fatalities (’97-‘06)
North Dakota
51
0.1
48
Vermont
50
0.1
60
Wyoming
49
0.1
71
Source: FARS ‘97-‘05 (Final), 2006 (ARF) *Rank based on % of 10-yr total fatalities
Source: FARS
Pedestrian Crash Briefing
Aug 2008
NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis
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Crash Location
Distribution of Ped Fatalities by NHTSA Operation Regions
3.2%
3.1%
13.5%
3.5%
17.9%
12.3%
9.6%
3.8%
14.2%
18.9%
Source: FARS
Pedestrian Crash Briefing
Aug 2008
NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis
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Crash Density
• Average Fatalities Per
Capita
14.9
1.7
Pedestrian Fatalities per
100K Population
Total Crash Fatalities per
100K Population
Source: FARS and Census Bureau
• Average Walking Miles Per
Death
Source: FARS, NHTS 2001, and FHWA
•
70
Unit: 1
million
WMT per Pedestrian
Fatality
77
VMT per Occupant
Fatality
Estimated by:
• Walking Miles Traveled (WMT) / Pedestrian Fatalities
• Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) / Motor Vehicle Occupant Deaths
• The data from 2001 National Household Travel Survey.
Pedestrian Crash Briefing
Aug 2008
NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis
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Crash Time
• On average, 13 pedestrians die in vehicle crashes
each day, or one pedestrian every 107 minutes.
• January 1 and October 31 were the two most deadly
days of the year, having the highest number of
pedestrian fatalities (average 24 & 21 per day).
• Oct, Nov, and Dec have higher fatality percentages
(10% each) than any other month.
Source: FARS
Pedestrian Crash Briefing
Aug 2008
NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis
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Crash Time
Distribution of Ped Fatalities by Time of Day
12,146
10,281
25%
21%
5,730
12%
3,735
4,330
8%
9%
3,022
6%
3,514
7%
6,079
12%
Midnight to 3 3 a.m. to 6 a.m. 6 a.m. to 9 a.m. 9 a.m. to Noon Noon to 3 p.m. 3 p.m. to 6 p.m. 6 p.m. to 9 p.m.
a.m.
9 p.m. to
Midnight
Source: FARS and GES
Pedestrian Crash Briefing
Aug 2008
NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis
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Crash Time
Ped Fatalities per Crash by Time of Day
0.16
0.20
0.05
0.04
Midnight 3 a.m. to 6 6 a.m. to 9 9 a.m. to
to 3 a.m.
a.m.
a.m.
Noon
0.03
0.07
0.03
0.11
Noon to 3 3 p.m. to 6 6 p.m. to 9 9 p.m. to
p.m.
p.m.
p.m.
Midnight
Source: FARS and GES
Pedestrian Crash Briefing
Aug 2008
NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis
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Crash Time
• Ped Distribution by Day of the Week
•
Ped Fatalities per Crash by Day of the Week
Day of the Week
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Killed %
14
12
13
13
13
17
18
Killed/Crash Pedestrian Killed
0.08
6,718
0.06
6,149
0.06
6,321
0.05
6,511
0.05
6,570
0.06
8,111
0.08
8,732
Pedestrian Crash
78,376
106,604
111,597
116,370
118,064
134,533
103,982
Source: FARS and GES
Pedestrian Crash Briefing
Aug 2008
NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis
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Pedestrian Demographics
Distribution of Ped Fatality and Pop by Sex
10-Yr Average
Pop, 51%
10-Yr Total Ped
Killed, 69%
10-Yr Average
Pop, 49%
Male
10-Yr Total Ped
Killed, 31%
Female
• The probability of a male pedestrian being killed in a
crash is 7 per 100, a female is 5 per 100.
Source: FARS, GES, and Census Bureau
Pedestrian Crash Briefing
Aug 2008
NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis
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Pedestrian Demographics
Distribution of Ped Fatality and Pop by Age Group
Ped Killed, 35%
Ped Killed, 23%
Pop, 21%
Pop, 14%
Ped Killed, 9%
Child (Under 15)
Pop, 29%
Pop, 23%
Ped Killed, 12%
Youth (15-24)
Ped Killed, 21%
Pop, 13%
Young Adult (25-40)
Adult (41-64)
Senior (65+)
Source: FARS, GES, Census Bureau
Pedestrian Crash Briefing
Aug 2008
NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis
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Pedestrian Factor
Pedestrian Fatalities per Crash by Age Group
0.15
0.09
0.02
Child (Under 15)
0.04
Youth (15-24)
0.06
Young Adult (25-40)
Adult (41-64)
Senior (65+)
Source: FARS and GES
Pedestrian Crash Briefing
Aug 2008
NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis
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Pedestrian Factor
Distribution of Ped Fatalities by BAC Level
No Alcohol,
63%
BAC .08+, 33%
BAC .01-.07,
4%
• When alcohol is involved the probability of the ped
being killed in a crash (22/100) is 4 times higher than
when no alcohol is involved (5/100).
Source: FARS and GES
Pedestrian Crash Briefing
Aug 2008
NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis
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Pedestrian Factor
Distribution of Ped Action in Fatal Crashes
27.3
25.4
13.9
Improper
Crossing
%
12.1
9.8
In
Fail to Yield Darting or Not Visible
Roadway Right-of-Way Running into
Road
2.6
Inattentive
1.5
5.3
2.1
Fail to Obey
Traffic
Control
Other
Unknown
Source: FARS
Pedestrian Crash Briefing
Aug 2008
NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis
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Vehicle Driver Demographics
Distribution of Drivers by Sex in Fatal Ped Crashes
Female
Driver, 25%
Unknown,
10%
Male Driver,
65%
Source: FARS
Pedestrian Crash Briefing
Aug 2008
NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis
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Vehicle Driver Factor
• Almost all drivers survived the pedestrian crashes (93%)
• Most vehicle drivers did not have alcohol (83%)
• Majority of drivers were not speeding (91%)
• A pedestrian is still likely to die in a crash even if the driver
is obeying the posted speed limit.
Pedestrian fatalities per 100 crashes:
55
1
Speeding
Not Speeding
Source: FARS and GES
Pedestrian Crash Briefing
Aug 2008
NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis
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Alcohol Involvement
Distribution of Ped Fatalities by Ped and Driver
Alcohol Involvement
The % Distribution of 10-Yr
Total Ped Deaths
Pedestrian BAC
Driver BAC
No Alcohol
.01-.07
.08+
Total
No Alcohol
54%
2%
6%
62%
.01-.07
3%
0%
1%
4%
.08+
26%
2%
6%
34%
Total
83%
4%
13%
100%
Source: FARS 1997-2005 (Final) 2006 (ARF)
Source: FARS
Pedestrian Crash Briefing
Aug 2008
NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis
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Vehicle Driver Factor
Driver Distribution by Behavior in Fatal Ped Crashes
27
%
20
10
9
9
Hit-and-Run Driving over Fail to Yield
Vehicle
Drugs
7
5
Inattentive Fail to keep
Posted Limit Right-of-Way
Driver
4
4
3
2
Other Non-
Operating
Non-Traffic
in Proper
Moving
Vehicle in
Violation
Lane
Traffic
Reckless
Charged
Violation
Manner
Others
Unknown
• One in five pedestrians was killed in hit-and-run
motor vehicle crashes.
Pedestrian Crash Briefing
Source: FARS
Aug 2008
NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis
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Other: Weather
Distribution of Ped Fatalities by Weather Condition
89
%
8
No Adverse
Condition
Rain
0.2
0.8
1
0.4
0.6
Sleet
Snow
Fog
Other
Unknown
Ped Fatalities per Crash by Weather Condition
0.19
0.06
0.05
No Adverse
Condition
Rain
0.18
0.16
Fog
Other
0.04
Sleet
Snow
Source: FARS and GES
Pedestrian Crash Briefing
Aug 2008
NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis
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Other: Light Condition
Ped Fatalities per Crash by Light Condition
0.22
0.03
Daylight
Dark
0.08
Dark
but Lighted
0.10
0.04
Dawn
Dusk
Distribution of Ped Fatalities by Light Condition.
30
32
33
%
2
Daylight
Dark
Dark but Lighted
Dawn
2
Dusk
Source: FARS and GES
Pedestrian Crash Briefing
Aug 2008
NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis
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Other: Posted Speed Limits
Ped Fatalities per Crash by Posted Speed Limits
0.32
0.15
0.02
No Limit Post
0.02
Under 30
0.06
30-39
50+
40-49
Source: FARS and GES
Pedestrian Crash Briefing
Aug 2008
NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis
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Review Key Findings
• Although pedestrian fatalities declined between 1997
and 2006, the probability of a pedestrian fatality in a
crash increased.
• Nationwide, a pedestrian crash death occurred every 70
million miles walked.
• Males have a much higher probability than females to
be killed. People 65 and older have a much greater
possibility than other age groups to be killed in a crash.
• As a pedestrian’s BAC increases, the probability of a
pedestrian getting killed in a crash increases.
Pedestrian Crash Briefing
Aug 2008
NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis
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Questions?
Pedestrian Crash Briefing
Aug 2008
NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis
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