Transcript Chapter 17-18 Electricity and Magnetism

Atoms can gain or lose ______________,
electrons
making charged particles.
A charged object can exert a _____________
on other charged
force
objects. This depends on whether the charges are _____________
alike
or __________________.
different
Law of Electric Charges: ________________________________
Like charges repel and opposite
______________________________________________________
charges attract.
Electric Force: ______________________
The force between
__________________________________
charged objects
Electric Field: A
_______________________
region around a charged
______________________________
particle that can exert a force
______________________________
on another charged particle
______________________________
Friction: When 2 objects are rubbed together, _____________
electrons
can
be wiped from one object to the other, causing the objects to be
charged
______________.
The one that loses electrons will be ___________
positively
charged, and the one that gains electrons will be _____________
negatively
charged.
1. Conduction - __________________________________________
Electrons are transferred from one object to another
_______________________________________________________
by direct contact.
2. Induction - ____________________
Charges in an
_______________________________
uncharged object are rearranged
_______________________________
without direct contact with a
_______________________________
charged object.
When
3. Conservation of charge - _________
objects
are charged by any method,
_______________________________
no
charges are created or destroyed.
______________________________
Electrons
move from one atom to
_______________________________
another,
producing regions with different charges.
______________________________________
Conductors - _____________________________________________
A material in which charges can move easily
Ex: ____________________________________________________
Most metals such as copper and aluminum, “tap” water
Insulators: _______________________________________________
A material in which charges cannot easily move
Rubber, plastic, wood, glass, air
Ex: _____________________________________________________
Static electricity - __________________
The buildup of
_________________________________
electric
charges on an object. These
_________________________________
charges
do not move away from the
_________________________________
object
they are on.
These objects which now have opposite
attracted
charges are ________________
to each
other.
Electric discharge - _________________
The loss of static
_________________________________
electricity as it moves off an object
This can occur slowly as clothes from the
dryer transfer their ______________
to water droplets in the air.
charges
shock
lightning
It can also occur quickly as in a _____________
or _____________.
Circuits - A
_______________________________________________
complete, closed path through which electric charges
_______________________________________________________
flow.
A device that uses electrical energy to do work. It causes
Load - _________________________________________________
electric energy to change into a different form of energy.
_______________________________________________________
electrical
kinetic
Ex: A fan changes _________________
energy into _____________
energy (energy of _____________)
motion
when the blades turn.
Switch - part of a _____________
made of 2 pieces of ___________
circuit
conducting
material, one which _____________
to turn the circuit on and off.
moves
Switch If the switch is open,
the charges will ______
NOT
flow. When the switch
is closed, charges will
flow.
Types of circuits:
1. Series circuits - A
_________________
circuit in which
________________________________
all parts are connected in a
________________________________
single loop.
Charges traveling through a series circuit
must flow through ______
_________
all
parts
and can only flow through ________
_____.
one
path
All _________
in a series circuit share the
loads
same _____________.
All __________
current
light
____________
glow with the same brightness.
bulbs
2. Parallel circuits - _______________
a circuit in
_______________________________
which different loads are located
_______________________________
on separate branches.
Charges travel through more than one
path
_________.
Loads do not have the same
__________
but use the same ________.
current
voltage
All bulbs will glow with ________
same
brightness.
Magnets - Any
_____________________________________________
material that attracts iron or materials containing
______________________________________________________
iron
Poles - ________________________________________________
The parts of magnets where the magnetic effects are the
______________________________________________________
strongest
a. When free to move, one end of a magnet will always point
__________.
This is the magnet’s _________
north
north ___________.
pole
b. The opposite end of the magnet is called the
_________
south
__________.
pole
Magnetic force - the force of
_____________
or ____________
repulsion
attraction
between the poles of magnets. Like
poles ________
like poles, and opposite poles ___________.
attract
repel
Magnetic field - the region around a magnet in
magnetic __________
forces
which __________
can act. The
stronger
________
closer the magnetic field lines, the _________
poles
the magnetic force. This is strongest at the ______.
If you cut a magnet in half, you will _____
NOT get a
north pole magnet and a south pole magnet. You
will get _______
smaller magnets, each with their
2
own _________________________________.
north and south poles
The _________
Earth
is a large magnet with its south
pole near the _______________
________
_______
geographic
north
pole
and its north pole near the _______________
_________
_______.
geographic
south
pole
Magnetism and Electricity - Hans
Christian Oersted discovered that an
___________
__________
produces a
electric
current
magnetic field, and the direction of the
magnetic field depends on the direction
of the _______________.
current
Electromagnetism - ____________________
the interaction between
_____________________________________
electricity and magnetism
The magnetic field produced by electrical
_____________
can be strengthened by
current
electromagnet
a ______________
or an ________________.
solenoid
Solenoids - __________________________
A coil of wire that produces
____________________________________
a magnetic field when carrying
____________________________________
an electric current
The strength of the magnetic field produced
increases with the ____________
of loops in
number
the coil.
Electromagnet - Consists
____________________
of a solenoid
__________________________________
wrapped around an iron core.
The magnetic field of an electromagnet may
hundreds
be ____________
of times stronger than
solenoid alone.
the field of the ________
Uses of electromagnets:
1. _____________________________
Mag-lev trains
2. _____________________________
Salvage yard lifting machinery
Doorbells
3. _____________________________
Electric motors
4. _____________________________
Electricity can generate a magnetic field. ____________
Magnets
can also
generate _________________.
This happens by ______________
electricity
electromagnetic
______________,
where a ____________
is produced when the
induction
current
changes
magnetic field ____________.
This happens when either:
1. _______________________________
Moving a magnet in a coil of wire
_________________________________
2. ________________________________
Moving a wire between the poles of
__________________________________
a magnet
Uses for Electromagnetic Induction:
_________________________________
Generators making alternating current.
This is the kind of electricity delivered to your
home.
Atoms can gain or lose ______________, making charged particles.
A charged object can exert a _____________ on other charged
objects. This depends on whether the charges are _____________
or __________________.
Law of Electric Charges: ________________________________
.
______________________________________________________
Electric Force: ______________________
__________________________________
Electric Field: _______________________
______________________________
______________________________
______________________________
Friction: When 2 objects are rubbed together, _____________ can
be wiped from one object to the other, causing the objects to be
______________. The one that loses electrons will be ___________
charged, and the one that gains electrons will be _____________
charged.
1. Conduction - __________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
2. Induction - ____________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
3. Conservation of charge - _________
_______________________________
______________________________
_______________________________
______________________________________
Conductors - _____________________________________________
Ex: ____________________________________________________
Insulators: _______________________________________________
Ex: _____________________________________________________
Static electricity - __________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
These objects which now have opposite
charges are ________________ to each
other.
Electric discharge - _________________
_________________________________
This can occur slowly as clothes from the
dryer transfer their ______________ to water droplets in the air.
It can also occur quickly as in a _____________ or _____________.
Circuits - _______________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Load - _________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Ex: A fan changes _________________ energy into _____________
energy (energy of _____________) when the blades turn.
Switch - part of a _____________ made of 2 pieces of ___________
material, one which _____________ to turn the circuit on and off.
Switch If the switch is open,
the charges will ______
flow. When the switch
is closed, charges will
flow.
Types of circuits:
1. Series circuits - _________________
________________________________
________________________________
Charges traveling through a series circuit
must flow through ______ _________
and can only flow through ________ _____.
All _________ in a series circuit share the
same _____________. All __________
____________ glow with the same brightness.
2. Parallel circuits - _______________
_______________________________
_______________________________
Charges travel through more than one
_________. Loads do not have the same
__________ but use the same ________.
All bulbs will glow with ________
brightness.
Magnets - _____________________________________________
______________________________________________________
Poles - ________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
a. When free to move, one end of a magnet will always point
__________. This is the magnet’s _________ ___________.
b. The opposite end of the magnet is called the
_________ __________.
Magnetic force - the force of
_____________ or ____________
between the poles of magnets. Like
poles ________ like poles, and opposite poles ___________.
Magnetic field - the region around a magnet in
which __________ __________ can act. The
________ the magnetic field lines, the _________
the magnetic force. This is strongest at the ______.
If you cut a magnet in half, you will _____ get a
north pole magnet and a south pole magnet. You
will get _______ smaller magnets, each with their
own _________________________________.
The _________ is a large magnet with its south
pole near the _______________ ________ _______
and its north pole near the _______________ _________ _______.
Magnetism and Electricity - Hans
Christian Oersted discovered that an
___________ __________ produces a
magnetic field, and the direction of the
magnetic field depends on the direction
of the _______________.
Electromagnetism - ____________________
_____________________________________
The magnetic field produced by electrical
_____________ can be strengthened by
a ______________ or an ________________.
Solenoids - __________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
The strength of the magnetic field produced
increases with the ____________ of loops in
the coil.
Electromagnet. - ____________________
__________________________________
The magnetic field of an electromagnet may
be ____________ of times stronger than
the field of the ________ alone.
Uses of electromagnets:
1. _____________________________
2. _____________________________
3. _____________________________
4. _____________________________
Electricity can generate a magnetic field. ____________ can also
generate _________________. This happens by ______________
______________, where a ____________ is produced when the
magnetic field ____________. This happens when either:
1. _______________________________
_________________________________
2. ________________________________
__________________________________
Uses for Electromagnetic Induction:
_________________________________
This is the kind of electricity delivered to your
home.