Transcript A POCKET GUIDE TO PUBLIC SPEAKING 4TH EDITION Chapter 1

A POCKET
GUIDE TO
PUBLIC
SPEAKING
5TH EDITION
Chapter 1
Becoming a Public Speaker
Gain a Vital Life Skill
 Skill in public speaking
 Gives you an unmistakable edge;
 Leads to greater confidence and satisfaction;
 Is a potent weapon in career development.
Enhance Your Career
as a Student
 Skills used when preparing speeches
 Researching topics
 Analyzing audiences
 Outlining and organizing ideas
 Supporting claims
 These skills apply to other courses.
Find New Opportunities
for Civic Engagement
 Studying public speaking allows you to
 Research topics meaningful to you;
 Consider alternate viewpoints;
 Choose a course of action;
 Distinguish between arguments and uncivil
speech.
The Classical Roots
of Public Speaking
 Ancient Greece
 Developed rhetoric (making effective speeches—
also called oratory)
 Used rhetoric to persuade public policy
 Practiced public speaking in forums
The Classical Roots
of Public Speaking (cont.)
 Aristotle developed the canons of rhetoric:
 Invention
 Arrangement
 Style
 Memory
 Delivery
Learning to Speak in Public
 Public speaking
 Is an acquired skill;
 Improves with practice;
 Is similar to speaking and writing;
 Utilizes skills you already have.
Draw on Conversational Skills
 Skills you commonly use in conversation
 Checking to ensure you are understood
 Adjusting your meaning as necessary
 Discussing issues appropriate to the
circumstances
 Uncovering the audience’s interests and attitudes
Draw on Skills in Composition
 Skills used in writing
 Having a sense of the audience
 Researching a topic
 Offering credible evidence
 Employing effective transitions
 Devising persuasive appeals
Draw on Skills in Composition
(cont.)
 Similar components of speeches and essays
 Compelling introduction
 Clear thesis statement
 Supporting ideas
 Thoughtful conclusion
Develop an Effective
Oral Style
 Practices of successful speakers
 Using familiar words
 Using easy-to-follow sentences
 Using transitional words and phrases
 Repeating key words and phrases
Develop an Effective
Oral Style (cont.)
 Relate your message to the audience.
 Specific references to yourself, audience
 Use clear, recognizable, and organized
speech.
 Offer the audience something of value.
Become an Inclusive Speaker
 Address diverse audiences with sensitivity.
 Cultivate your cultural intelligence.
 Strive for inclusion.
 Adopt an audience-centered perspective.
Public Speaking as a Form
of Communication
 Four categories of human communication

Dyadic communication


Between two people
Small group communication
Small number of people
 See, speak directly with one another

Public Speaking as a Form
of Communication (cont.)
 Four categories of human communication (cont.)

Mass communication


Speaker and large audience (usually not present)
Public speaking
Speaker delivers message with specific purpose.
 Audience is present during speech.

Public Speaking as a Form
of Communication (cont.)
 Public speaking always includes
 A speaker with a reason for speaking;
 An audience that gives its attention;
 A message meant to accomplish a purpose.
Public Speaking as an Interactive
Communication Process
 Elements of communication
 Source (creates a message)
 Receiver (receives the message)
 Message (content of the communication process)
 Channel (medium of the message)
 Shared meaning (mutual understanding)
Public Speaking as an Interactive
Communication Process (cont.)
Public Speaking as an Interactive
Communication Process (cont.)
 Context
 Influences the speaker, audience, or occasion
 May include
Recent events
 Physical setting
 Cultural orientation of audience members

Public Speaking as an Interactive
Communication Process (cont.)
 Rhetorical situation
 Circumstance calling for a public response
 Speech purpose or goal
 What the audience should learn or do