Transcript 愤怒+惊讶
Unit 5 Nonverbal Communication Components of Nonverbal Communication Definition: Nonverbal communication involves those nonverbal stimuli in a communication setting that are generated by both the source [speaker] and his or her use of the environment and that have potential message value for the source or receiver [listener] Components of Nonverbal Communication It includes: touch eye contact (gaze) volume vocal nuance proximity gestures facial expression pause (silence) intonation dress posture smell sigh and gasp The importance of Non-verbal communication Page 65-66: There are 3 reasons why nonverbal communication is sometimes more important than verbal ones. 1. We can divide communication into cognitive & affective content words we hear our feeling towards the speaker verbal non-verbal 7% 93% The importance of Non-verbal communication 2. Between verbal and non-verbal communication, which is spontaneous, which can be controlled? verbal: slip up, lose control of the words Non-verbal: leak out our true feelings The importance of Non-verbal communication 3. Even when you do not speak, or choose to leave the scene, silence and absence do convey meaning. Kinesics Page 66 1. definition of kinesics 2. how do we greet and say goodbye (discussion) 3. kinesics can trigger unintended responses examples (Indonesia, India) Oculesics Page 67 definition of oculesics Which groups of people tend to use more eye contact? dominant or submissive male or female What do more eye contact indicate? informal, relaxed authoritative credibility Oculesics Oculesics Difference in the use of eye contact among cultures: Page 67-68 white black Indian [Discussion] How about in China? Find your comfort zone of eyes Familiarity Gender Age Result Same gender, familiar Same gender, unfamiliar Opposite gender, familiar Opposite gender, unfamiliar Facial Expression-1 How many kinds of facial expressions do we have? (search) Facial Expression-2 Which kinds of facial expressions are more common? Which ones may differ from culture to culture? [similar] sadness, happiness, disgust [different] anger, surprise, fear Facial Expression http://news.qq.com/a/20140401/023202.htm 表情图（从左至右）： 愤怒+厌恶，愤怒+惊讶，生气，畏怯，厌烦， 惊讶，担心，非常生气，非常厌恶，非常惊讶 幸福+厌恶，愉快+惊讶，幸福，憎恨，难过， 难过+愤怒，难过+厌恶，难过+害怕，难过+惊讶，惊讶 Touching-1 An African-American male goes into a convenience store recently taken over by new Korean immigrants. He gives a $20 bill for his purchase to Mrs. Cho who is cashier and waits for his change. He is upset when his change is put down on the counter in front of him. Touching-2 USA — handshake is common (even for strangers), hugs, kisses for those of opposite gender or of family (usually) on an increasingly more intimate basis. For African-Americans and Anglos in USA, most African Americans touch on greeting but are annoyed if touched on the head. Touching-3 Islamic and Hindu: typically don’t touch with the left hand. To do so is a social insult. Left hand is for toilet functions. Mannerly in India to break your bread only with your right hand. Islamic cultures generally don’t approve of any touching between genders (even hand shakes). But consider such touching (including hand holding, hugs) between same-sex to be appropriate. Flirting Behavior-1 Studies show that men are more attracted to a woman who engages in flirtation behavior to show she is available over the best-looking woman in the room. – – – – – – Smiling Having an expressive face Minimal arm crossing Keeping hands outside of pockets Using feminine body language Intimate eye gazing (from the eyes to the mouth to the body) – Leaning towards the other person Flirting Behavior-2 Men and women have completely different courtship behaviors. Women who are trying to entice a man tend to raise their eyebrows and lower their lids. Looking up and to the side at a man is another ‘come hither’ look from a woman to a man. A sideways glance over a raised shoulder Women call attention to their lips by wearing glossy or bright colored lipstick. Women toss their hair or touch their neck. Relationship between verbal and nonverbal communication Page 70-71 Five functions: accent the verbal message by emphasizing complement contradict regulate substitute accent Nonverbal message is used to accent the verbal message. clapping hands when others’ are singing complement Nonverbal message is mainly used to elaborate or reinforce the meaning of verbal message. nodding while saying “yes” smiling while making a compliment contradict Nonverbal message can be used to contradict verbal message purposefully or unconsciously it reveals your real meaning regulate Nonverbal message is used to maintain the back-and-forth sequencing of conversation How do you know a speaker is about to finish his / her talk? [discussion] voice down move from the crowd to the platform gather his stuff together look at the watch frequently substitute Nonverbal message is used to substitute verbal message when the verbal channel is blocked. Non-verbal Communication and Intercultural Competence-1 The rules and norms of a culture’s non-verbal communication is learnt subconsciously or even unconsciously in childhood you only know it exists when you break it Non-verbal Communication and Intercultural Competence-2 The steps in developing intercultural competence: page 73-74 observation of general tendencies in another culture be tentative in interpretation and generalization [important] look for exceptions practice to improve your behavior (better in real situations) Case Study Case one: Figure out the misunderstanding that may be caused by expression or body language in different cultures. Can you explain the reason? Case two 回答下面的问题1,2,4,5 Touching-4 In China: way of greeting handshake wave hug nod head and smile pad shoulder bow Touching-5 In China: way of greeting 1. same gender, similar age, familiar 2. same gender, similar age, unfamiliar 3. opposite gender, similar age, familiar 4. opposite gender, similar age, unfamiliar 5. same gender, different age, familiar 6. same gender, different age, unfamiliar 7. opposite gender, different age, familiar 8. opposite gender, different age, unfamiliar