Transcript Lecture 3c powerpoint

Lecture 3c- 28 Sept. 2016
CARBOHYDRATES III
Overview of lecture 3c
 Carbohydrate content of foods
-impact of diet on health and disease
 Functional foods in the management of health and disease
 Nutraceuticals in the management of health and disease
 Next lecture-fibre -carbohydrates in health and disease
-WHATS NEW IN CARBOHYDRATE
RESEARCH
INTRODUCTION
 Different “regular” foods have differing levels of a
variety of carbohydrates-can affect bodily function
 Functional foods can manage carbohydrates in the
body and can affect bodily function
 Nutraceuticals can manage carbohydrates in the body
and can affect bodily function
Foods
Glycaemic index
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grains (includes breads and pastas)
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breads -wheat higher than rye
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pastas - lower than breads
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rice and pasta about the same as each other
Foods continued-glycaemic index continued
Vegetables and fruits on average
Glycemic index
potato > yam
legumes > root veggies
fruits ~ legumes
Foods continued
Glycemic index continued
milk products ~ fruits on average
why? lactose=fructose in glycemic index
Foods continued
Glycemic index continued
meats - very low glycemic index
- but do not gorge
gorge
Functional foods
Health Canada definition
A functional food is similar in appearance to, or may be, a
conventional food that is consumed as part of a usual
diet, and is demonstrated to have physiological benefits
and/or reduce the risk of chronic disease beyond basic
nutritional functions, i.e. they contain bioactive
compound.
Functional food examples
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fish
flax
canola
chicory seed-contains an oligosaccharide
Functional food examples
•http://www.foodfacts.com/NutritionFacts/Bread-andFlour-Products/Presidents-Choice-Blue-MenuMultigrain-Flax-Loaf-Bread--oz/37196
•http://www.countryharvest.com/en/product/sunflowe
r-flax-breads/
Fish
increase insulin sensitivity?
-perhaps due to w3 fatty acids
Canola
omega 3 fatty acids
-may increase insulin sensitivity
Flax
• omega 3 fatty acids may increase
insulin sensitivity
Chicory seed
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example of a resistant carbohydrate
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affect colonic pH and stool bulking
Nutraceuticals
Health Canada definition
A nutraceutical is a product isolated or purified
from foods that is generally sold in medicinal
forms not usually associated with foods. A
nutraceutical is demonstrated to have a
physiological benefit or provide protection
against chronic disease.
Nutraceutical examples
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fish oil
flax lignan complex
flax oil
canola oil
evening primrose oil
hemp oil
chondroitin sulphate
glucosamine
Fish oil
omega 3 fatty acids – increased
insulin sensitivity in some studies
INCREASE?
Flax lignan complex
Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside
molecule metabolites decrease
blood plasma glucose
concentrations perhaps via insulin
sensitivity increase?
Flax oil
Omega 3 fatty acid may increase insulin
sensitivity?
Canola oil
Omega 3 fatty acid may insulin sensitivity?
Evening primrose oil
-omega 6 fatty acids
-reduces glucose impact on nerves in diabetes
(improves nerve transmission speed)
Hemp oil
• mix of omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids
• speculation-effects as above with omega 3 and
omega 6 fatty acids
Chondroitin sulphate
polysaccharide
-found in joints-cartilage
-reduced in arthritis
Glucosamine
-polysaccharide linked to nitrogen group
-found in cartilage in joints
-reduced in arthritis