Transcript 15. Final Exam 3. Approaches to DA

1. Introduction & DA Overview
2. Definition of Discourse
3. Approaches to DA
4. Speech Acts Theory
Interactional Sociolinguistics
5. Language as Social Interaction
6. Appraisals
7. Politeness Strategies
8. Communication Strategies
9. Mid Exam
10. Principles of Conversation
Conversation
11. Conversation Structure
12. Turn-Taking Organization
13. Adjacency Pairs
14. Discourse Structure (Rhetoric & Genres)
15. Final Exam
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DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
Liliek Soepriatmadji©2008
1.intro, 2.DefD, 3.ApproD, 4.SpAcT, 5.LSocInter, 6.Appra, 7.PolS, 8.ComS, 9.Midex
10.PrincC, 11.ConStr, 12.TTOrg, 13.AdjP, 14.DStr, 15.Finex
3. Approaches to DA
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speech acts theory
interactional sociolinguistics
ethnography of communication
pragmatics
conversation analysis
variation analysis
a. speech acts theory
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Focuses on knowledge of underlying conditions for production and
interpretation of acts through words
– Literal meaning of word and context interact in our knowledge of
condition underlying the realization of acts and interpretation of
acts
Basic insight:
– Language is used to describe the world and to perform actions
 I promise to be there tomorrow (utterance & perform the act
of promising)
 The grass is green (utterance & perform the act of asserting)
 Can you pass the salt? (utterance & perform the act of
questioning: physical ability and requesting: dinner table talk)
b. interactional sociolinguistics
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Involves: culture, society and language
Focuses on how interpretation and interaction are based upon the
interrelationship of social and linguistics meanings
– Could I talk to you for a minute? I’m gonna apply for a fellowship
and I was wondering if I could get a recommendation?
– OK. Come along to the office and tell me what you want to do.
– Ahma git me a gig! (I’m going to get myself some support)
 Context (setting, roles, distance)
 Linguistic details (degree of formality, prosodic, varieties)
c. ethnography of communication
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Based on anthropology (concerns holistic explanation of
meaning and behavior)
Focus on communicative competence:
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Tacit social
Psychological
Cultural
Linguistic
d. pragmatics
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Concerns with analyzing speaker meaning at the level of
utterances
– Theory of cooperation
e. conversation analysis
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Based on philosophy in the perspective of
phenomenology (ethnomethodology: method employed
by a society to produce a sense of social order)
– Grice principle of conversation (Maxims): exchange,
phone call
– Adjacency pairs
– Structure/sequences
f. variation analysis
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Stems from the studies of linguistic variation and change
– Heterogeneity (linguistic variation)
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