Universals of Verbal and Non-Verbal Message
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Transcript Universals of Verbal and Non-Verbal Message
Universals of verbal and
non-verbal messages.
“To effectively communicate, we
must realize that we are all different
in the way we perceive the world and
use this understanding as a guide to
our communication with others.”
- Anthony Robbins, Motivational Speaker
Chapter 6
Universals of verbal and non-verbal
messages.
Assertive Communication
Assertiveness: “Win Win”
Steps for increasing assertiveness:
1. Analyze assertive communications
2. Rehearse assertive communications
3. Communicate assertively
Assertive Communication
Stand up for yourself
Express feelings directly
Improve relationships
Give Compliments
Give Criticism
Make requests
Say No / Set Limits
Universals of Verbal and
Non-Verbal Message
Non-Verbal Messages are used to:
1.
Accent
2.
Complement
3.
Contradict
4.
Control
5.
Repeat
6.
Substitute For
Messages and Meanings
Meanings are:
In People
More Than Words and Gestures
Unique
Context-Based
Meanings are in People
You do not receive meaning. You create
meaning.
Words do not mean. People mean.
Meanings are more than
words and gestures
1.
2.
Understand other people’s meanings by
your perceptions
who you are
what you are feeling
Meanings are Unique
No two people derive the same meaning
Same person can derive different
meanings on different occasions
Meanings are Unique
As you change, you also change the
meanings you create out of past messages
Check your perceptions of another’s
meanings
Messages
Context-Based
Packaged
Rule-Governed
Abstract/Concrete
Politeness
Inclusion/Exclusion
Direct/Indirect
Gender/Culture
Messages are context-based
Words or behaviors have different
meanings in different contexts
Depends on other behavior that
accompanies it
Cultural context
Messages are Packaged
Parts work together to communicate a
unified meaning
Look at entire package before interpreting
another’s meaning
Contradictory verbal and non-verbal
messages question credibility and sincerity
Messages are Rule-Governed
Grammar
Behavior
Non-Verbal rules and norms
Messages vary in abstraction
General terms are abstract and specific
terms are concrete
Abstract terms lead to different images
Effective verbal messages usually include
specifics
Messages vary in politeness
Politeness is a desirable trait
Women’s speech tends to be more polite
than men
Messages vary in inclusion
Inclusive messages: include all people
present and acknowledge relevance of
others
Exclusive messages: using language to
exclude others outside your group
Messages vary in directness
Advantages
Indirect messages
Politeness
Seeking
compliments
Disadvantages
Win Lose
Resentment
& Competition
Gender differences
Women
Men
More indirect in giving Indirect when
orders
Expressing weakness
Power is ability to
Admitting problems
choose own style of
Admitting an error
communication
Emotions (except
anger)
Refusing increased
intimacy
Going against
Cultural Differences
Many Asian and Latin American countries
stress indirectness to avoid appear being
critical or contradicted as a way to “save
face.”
Indirectness
Consider how easy it is for
misunderstandings to occur.
Messages vary in Assertiveness
Nonassertiveness: You win I lose; passive
approach to communication
Aggresiveness: I win you lose; caring little
for others’ needs
Messages Vary in
Assertiveness
Nonassertiveness
Aggressiveness
“You Win, I lose”
“I Win, You Lose”
Assertiveness
“I Win, You Win”
Assertiveness
I win you win
Act in your own best interest without
denying or infringing upon the rights of
others
Assertiveness
Steps for increasing assertiveness:
1. Analyze assertive communications
2. Rehearse assertive communications
3. Communicate assertively
Communicating
Assertively
Describe the Problem
State How it Affects You
Propose Solutions
Confirm Understanding
Reflect on Own Assertiveness