Transcript intorduction to public speech

GETTING STARTED
INTRODUCTION TO
PUBLIC SPEECH
A journey of a thousand miles begins with a
single step.
- Chinese Proverb
Why Study Public
Speaking?
 Empowerment
 Employment
“ I will pay more for a person’s ability to
speak and express himself than for any
other quality he might possess.”
Charles M. Schwab
Speaking & Conversation
 Public Speaking is planned
 Public Speaking is formal
 The roles of public speakers & the
audiences are clearly defined
The Communication
Process
MESSAGE
CHANNEL
SOURCE/SPEAKER
FEEDBACK
NOISE
RECEIVER
 The Speaker- the originator of the
communication message
 Message- ideas and feelings presented to
an audience through words, sound, and
action symbols that are selected and
organized by the speaker and interpreted
by members of the audience.
 The Speech- contains the message
 Encoding- the process of transforming
ideas and feelings into words, sounds, and
actions
 Decoding- the process of transforming
messages back into ideas and feelings
 The Channel- both the route traveled by
the message and the means of
transportation (Visual & Auditory)
 The Audience- your entire reason for
speaking
 The Context- the interrelated conditions of
communication
 Physical Setting- the location, time of day,
light, temperature, distance between
communicators, and seating arrangement.
 Historical setting-previous communication
episodes
 Psychological Setting- the manner in
which people perceive both themselves
and those with whom they communicate
 Noise- any stimulus that gets in the way of
sharing meanings
 External Noise- sights, sounds, and other
stimuli that interfere with intended
meaning
 Internal Noise- thoughts and feelings that
interfere with meaning
 Semantic noise- alternate meanings
aroused by speaker
 Feedback- verbal/non-verbal responses to
message
Vocabulary
 Elocution- the expression of emotion
through posture, movement, gestures,
facial expression, and voice.
 Declamation- The delivery of already
famous address.
 Rhetoric- the use of words and symbols
to achieve a goal
Speaking
Ethically
ETHICS
 Beliefs, values, and moral principles by
which people determine what is right or
wrong
 Free speech?
(Must be balanced by responsibility to
speak ethically)
SPEAKING ETHICALLY
 HAVE A CLEAR, RESPONSIBLE GOAL
 USE SOUND EVIDENCE &
REASONING
 BE SENSITIVE & TOLERANT OF
DIFFERENCES
 BE HONEST
 AVOID PLAGIARISM &
PLAGIAPHRASING
 DO YOUR OWN WORK
 ACKNOWLEDGE YOUR SOURCES
VOCABULARY
 Ethnocentrism: self culture is superior to
others
 Cultural Intelligence: Skilled & flexible
Listening
Seven laws to better
listening




Spend more time listening
Find interest in the other person
Stay out of the way
Listen to what people mean between the
lines
 Make notes
 Assume the proper stance
 Be aware of your filters

We spend more time listening than
reading, writing, and speaking.

Hearing is a physiological process that
occurs when you’re in the vicinity of
vibration. It is basically a passive process
occurs without any attention or effort on
your part.
 Listening involves 5 steps:
 Receiving – hearing and attending
 Understanding – learning and deciphering
meaning
 Remembering- recalling and retaining
 Evaluating- judging and criticizing
 Responding- answering and giving
feedback
I. The Listening Process
Responding
(backchanneling
cues or
feedback)
Evaluating
(pos. or neg.)
Receiving (stimuli)
Understanding
(assign
meaning)
Remembering
(reconstructive)
II. Listening, Culture,
Gender
A.
Culture Effects:
1. Speech
2. Nonverbal Behaviors
3.Direct and Indirect Styles
4.Credibility
5.Feedback
B. Gender & Listening
III. Styles of Effective
Listening
A. Participatory and
Passive
Passive listening – listening that is
attentive and supportive but occurs
without talking and without directing
the speaker in any nonverbal way.
Also used negatively to refer to
inattentive an uninvolved listening.
B. Empathic and
Objective
 Empathic listening – listening that
warrants that you feel and see what
speaker feels and sees.
 Objective Listening- the ability to gather
information beyond what you see and
hear.

Non-judgmental listening-and listening
with an open mind.

Critical listening- listening to evaluate
the quality, value, appropriateness and
importance of what you hear.
STYLES,CONT’D
 PEOPLE ORIENTED
 THEY EXPRESS FEELINGS & EMOTIONS
 ARE HIGHLY EMPATHETIC
 SEEK COMMON GROUND
 ACTION ORIENTED
 INFORMATION WELL ORGANIZED
 EVIDENCE
 CONTENT ORIENTED
 PREFER COMPLEX INFORMATION
 DETAILS
 MAKE GOOD LAWYERS/JUDGES
 TIME ORIENTED
 SUCCINCT MESSAGES
 BRIEF
IV. Active Listening = is a
skill that produces
therapeutic effects
+
A. Purposes of Active
Listening
1.Increases Accuracy
2.Validation of Others Feelings
3. Prompts the Speaker
to Explore Their Own
Thoughts & Feelings
B. Techniques
1. Paraphrase Speaker’s
Meaning
2. Express Understanding
of Speaker’s
Feelings
3. Ask Questions