Transcript Road Map
Communication I: Barriers PROJECT PROPOSAL DUE TODAY (coffee hour today after class) (come see me if you lost an “action watch” in lecture last week) Relationships 2D Space Natural (spontaneous) Self presentation Manipulative (Objectives not Shared) C Authentic (Full exchange) D Social influence Motivation Power Deliberate (planned, thought-out) Exercising power • Informal – Relationships – Speech and communication styles • Subtle but potent • Strategic – Design: networks – Skills: communication Why communication matters • Organizations as systems of information exchange • Technology – Changes “How” – Marginally changes “Who”, “When” – Doesn’t change “What” “Authentic” Communication • Definition: exchange of all relevant thoughts and feelings • Relevant • Cognitive and affective Rejection letter (Chinese economic journal) “We have read your manuscript with boundless delight. If we were to publish your paper, it would be impossible for us to publish any work of lower standard. And as it is unthinkable that in the next thousand years we shall see its equal, we are, to our regret, compelled to return your divine composition, and to beg you a thousand times to overlook our short sight and timidity” Inauthentic communication • Criticisms – Negative performance: Sandwiching – Bad news:Shooting the messenger • Requests – For information: newcomers – For feedback: negative feedback – For help: Hubble Space Telescope Barriers to communication • Mostly face work • Upward, downward, lateral • Nonverbals • Differences across cultures, ethnicity, gender, personality Barriers 1: Facework Edgar: If e’er your Grace had speech with man so poor, Hear me one word King Lear, V, i, 38 Facework • Prevalent: Majority of our speech • Reading between the lines • Failure: – Social faux pas – Ineffective performance – Bernie Goetz Barriers 2: Direction Upward Downward A B C Lateral D Screens across directions • Upward – Bad news – Opportunities for changes • Downward – Mission and goals – Feedback • Lateral – Functionally-specific – Social comparison and competition Barriers 3: Nonverbals • Most informative – Leakage hierarchy – “Thin slices” • Problems with interpretation – Molecular versus molar – Basic emotions only Barriers 4: Differences across cultures Nonverbal Cues Americans Nonverbal Cues Koreans Good News Bad News Koreans Americans Subordinate Boss Differences across gender Verbal Cues Males Females Peer Boss Authentic Communication? NATURALLY OCCURING BEHAVIORS IN ORGANZIATIONS Experimenting Opening 3,600 Owning Not experimenting Not opening Not owning 34,000 Relationships 2D Space Natural (spontaneous) Self presentation Manipulative (Objectives not Shared) Not a lot Authentic (Full exchange) If you want it, have to design it Social influence Motivation Power Deliberate (planned, thought-out)