Transcript Unit 4: Nonverbal Communication

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Similarities
Both are symbolic
Both are rule-guided
Can be intentional or unintentional
Are cultural-bound
Differences
NV communication is "more believable"
Nonverbal can be multi-channeled
Nonverbal is continuous
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Supplements or replaces verbal
communication
Regulates interaction
Establishes relationship-level meanings
(responsiveness, liking, power)
Reflects & expresses cultural value
Deception
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Eye Communication
Functions
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Monitor Feedback
Maintain Interest and Attention
Regulate the Conversation
Signal the Nature of the Relationship
Compensate for Physical Distance
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Facial Commnication
Management Techniques
Intensifying
Deintensifying
Neutralizing
Universal facial expressions
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Kinesics - body position & motion
Emblems: Nonverbal movements that substitute
for words and phrases.
Illustrators: Nonverbal movements that
accompany or reinforce verbal messages.
Affect Displays: Nonverbal movements of the
face and body used to show emotion.
Regulators: Nonverbal movements that control
the flow or pace of communication.
Adaptors: Nonverbal movements that you might
perform fully in private but only partially in
public. Used to reduce tension or satisfy a need.
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Physical characteristics
Clothing
Artificats
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Paralanguage: not what you say but how you
say it.
Tone
Rate
Volume
Pitch
Vocalizations
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Spatial Messages
Personal Space
Space that surrounds a person in which they are
made comfortable or uncomfortable. It is a personal
bubble of space that moves with you.
◦ Distances
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Intimate distance: 0-18 inches
Personal Distance: 18-48 inches
Social Distance: 4-12 feet
Public Distance: beyond 12 feet
Territoriality
◦ our need to establish and maintain certain spaces as our
own. (non-verbal indicators that signal ownership)
◦ In a dorm room- items on the common desk mark territory.
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Many meanings
Touch more in intermediate stages than in
initial or established relationships
Facilitates self-disclosure
Playfulness
Power and Control
Ritualistic (shake hands, etc.)
Task-related
◦ interesting -- more touch, more tips
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Touch Avoidance
Avoidance & Communication Apprehension
Low self-disclosers tend to avoid touch
Gender Issues With Touch
Men avoid touching other men; Women are less
likely to avoid same-sex touch
Women have higher avoidance of opposite-sex
touch.
As we age we avoid opposite sex touch
Women initiate opposite sex touch more often
than men. Especially in married relationships.
Opposite sex friends touch more than same-sex
friends.
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Monochronic and Polychronic
Monochronic
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Does one thing at a time.
Time is very serious!
Job tends to be more important than family even.
Privacy is extremely important.
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Seldom borrows or lends
Works independentl
Polychronic
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Does several things at a time.
Time is important but not sacred.
Family and interpersonal relationships are more important than work.
Actively involved with others.
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Cultures...
Monochronic
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Polychronic
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◦ United States, Germany, Scandinavia and Switzerland.
◦ Latin Americans, Mediterranean people, Arabians.