Transcript 5b4073d00452f21

Standards Of Textuality
And Speech Acts.
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Cohesion :
concerns the ways in which
the components of the surface
text, the actual words we hear
or
see,
are
mutually
connected within a sequence.
e.g I lived in America in
1990s. It was a good time for
me to study and finish my
Ph.D.
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Coherence :
concerns the ways in which the
Components of the textual world,
i.e. the configuration of concepts
and relations which underlie the
surface text, are mutually accessible
and relevant".
e.g.
A: Is this your book?
B: I am busy.
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Intentionality:
The text producer’s attitude
that the set of occurrences
should constitute a cohesive
and coherent text
Instrumental in fulfilling
the producer’s intentions.
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Speech Acts :
What is a Speech Act?
An action performed in saying
something. We perform speech acts
when we offer an apology, greeting,
request, complaint, invitation,
compliment, or refusal. A speech act
is an utterance that serves a
function in communication. A speech
act might contain just one word, as
in "Sorry!" to perform an apology.
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Speech Acts :
Speech act theory
attempts to explain how
speakers use language
to accomplish intended
actions and how hearers
infer intended meaning
form what is said.
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Speech Acts :
Speech acts include real-life
interactions and require not
only knowledge of the
language but also
appropriate use of that
language within a given
culture.
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Examples of Speech Acts :
"Hi, Eric. How are things going?“
"Could you pass me the mashed potatoes, please?“
"I’ve already been waiting three weeks for the
computer, and I was told it would be delivered
within a week."
"We’re having some people over Saturday evening
and wanted to know if you’d like to join us."
"Hey, I really like your tie!"
"Oh, I’d love to see that movie with you but this
Friday
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Types of Speech Acts :
Locutionary act : saying something with
a certain meaning in traditional sense.
Two types of locutionary act :
utterance acts : where something
is said (or a sound is made) and which
may not have any meaning ,
example : Oh! - is an utterance
(communication is not intended - it is
just a sound caused by surprise .)
propositional acts : where a
particular reference is made
Example: ”The black cat ”
(something is referenced, but no
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communication may be intended. Page 9
Types of Speech Acts :
illocutionary acts: are the real actions
which are performed by the
utterance, where saying equals
doing, as in betting, believe , dare,
warning. etc.
The illocutionary force is the speaker's
intent. A true 'speech act'.
e.g. informing, ordering, warning,
undertaking.
Example:”I promise to pay you back”is an illocutionary act (it intends to
communicate).
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Types of Speech Acts :
Perlocutionary acts: Speech
acts that have an effect on the
feelings, thoughts or actions of
either the speaker or the
listener. In other words, they
seek to change minds!
such as persuading, convincing,
scaring, enlightening, inspiring,
or otherwise getting someone
to do or realize something.
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Types of Speech Acts :
Oh! - is an utterance
(communication is not intended - it
is just a sound caused by surprise).
The black cat - is a propositional act
(something is referenced, but no
communication may be intended)
The black cat is stupid - is an
assertive illocutionary act
(it intends to communicate).
Please find the black cat - is a
directive perlocutionary act (it seeks
to change behaviour).
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Thank you
for your
attendance
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