Transcript Introduction To Public Speaking

Introduction To Public
Speaking
The Benefits!
The ability to speak confidently and
convincingly IN PUBLIC is an asset to
anyone who wants to take an active role in
his or her classroom, workplace or
community.
Agree or Disagree?
Advance Professional Goals!
Where does the skill of public speaking fall
in the list of most sought after skills by
companies?
Advance Professional Goals!
 12. Organizational Skills
 11. Leadership skills
 10. Detail-oriented
 9. Computer Skills
 8. Flexibility/Adaptability
 7. Motivation/Initiative
 6. Analytical Skills
 5. Teamwork Skills (works well with others)
 4. Strong Work Ethic
Advance Professional Goals!
TOP 3!
3. Interpersonal Skills (relates well to
others)
2. Honesty/Integrity
1. COMMUNICATION SKILLS (written and
verbal)
Enhance Your Career As A Student!
Preparing speeches involves numerous
skills that you can use in other courses.
What are they?
Enhance Your Career As A Student!
Research
Analyze Audiences
Support and prove claims
Select patterns for organizing ideas
Enhance Your Career As A Student!
Diverse courses often require an oral
presentation component
Technical disciplines require explanation
of complex information clearly.
Charts, graphs and other presentation aids
are an important part of such
presentations
Enhance Your Career As A Student!
Identifying target audiences
Selection of appropriate modes of delivery
The business major who must
communicate with multiple audiences
including co-workers, managers, clients
and customers.
Explore and Share Values
Occasion for speaker and audience to
focus on ideas and events about which
they feel strongly
Public speaking offers a unique
opportunity to explore values, deep-seated
feelings and ideas about what is important
in life.
Explore and Share Values
Allows you to express and explore those
of others in civil dialogue, regardless if the
audience shares your viewpoint
Speaking to an audience whose
knowledge or opinions differ from yours
can be more satisfying that addressing
those with similar opinions
Hone Critical Thinking and Listening Skills
Sharpens your ability to reason and think
critically
You will learn to construct claims and then
present evidence and reasoning to
logically support them
Ability to recognize weak links and
strengthen them
Hone Critical Thinking and Listening Skills
You will become a more critical receiver of
speeches
You will be able to better decide what
information is misinformation disguised as
logic for the purpose of selling, deceiving
or exploiting.
Questions? Disagreements?
Public Speaking as a Form of
Communication
 Scholars identify four categories of human
communication… Four categories YOU
SHOULD KNOW! (Hint, hint! TAKE NOTES!)
 1. Dyadic Communication – Communication
between two people
 2. Small Group Communication – Involves a
small number of people who can see and speak
directly with one another (i.e. business meeting)
Public Speaking as a Form of
Communication
3. Mass Communication – Occurs
between a speaker and a large audience
of unknown people. The receivers are not
present with the speaker (i.e. TV, radio
and mass rallies)
Public Speaking as a Form of
Communication
4. Public Speaking – A speaker delivers a
message with a specific purpose to an
audience of people.
Always includes a speaker who has a reason
for speaking
An audience that gives its attention
A message that is meant to accomplish
something
Address audience without interruption
Takes responsibility for the words
Similarities Between Public Speaking and
Other Forms of Communication
 Like Small Group
Requires that you address a group of people who are
focused on you and expect you to clearly discuss issues
relevant to the topic
 Like Mass Communication
Requires that you understand and appeal to the
audience members interests, attitudes and values
 Like Dyadic
Requires that you attempt to make yourself understood,
involve and respond to your conversational partners and
take responsibility for what you say.
Similarities Between Public Speaking and
Other Forms of Communication
Key feature of any communication is
sensitivity to the listeners.
Whether speaking to one person or one
hundred people, they want to feel that you
care about their interests, desires and
goals.
Skilled speakers do it in a way that is
organized, easy to follow, believable,
relevant and interesting.
Differences Between Public Speaking and
Other Forms of Communication
Public Speaking presents different
opportunities for feedback.
Public Speaking offers middle ground between
low and high levels of feedback.
Does not permit the constant exchange of
information
But audience can and does provide ample
verbal and non-verbal cues as to what they are
thinking and feeling
Differences Between Public Speaking and
Other Forms of Communication
Examples of Feedback:
Facial expressions
Vocalizations (laughter, boos, etc.)
Gestures
Applause
Differences Between Public Speaking and
Other Forms of Communication
Differs in the amount of preparation
needed
Must be more careful and extensive
Why?
Less opportunity for feedback
You must anticipate how your audience will
react to your speech
Differences Between Public Speaking and
Other Forms of Communication
Differs in degree of formality
Speeches tend to occur in more formal settings
Graduations, weddings, etc., naturally lend
themselves to speeches; they provide a focus
and give a “voice” to the event
So what is “Communication”?
The Communication Model
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Elements of Communication
 The Source (Sender) – The person that creates
the message
The speaker transforms ideas and thoughts into
messages and sends them to a receiver or audience.
The speaker decides what messages are to be sent and
how they will be sent.
 Encoding – The process of organizing the
message, choosing the words and sentence
structure and verbalizing the message
Elements of Communication
The Receiver (Audience) – The receiver
interprets the message in ways that are
unique to that person
Decoding – Process of interpreting the
message
Although the sender/speaker may intend a
message to carry a specific meaning, the
receiver/audiences interprets the message
based on their own experiences and attitudes
Elements of Communication
Feedback – The audience’s response to
the message
Can be conveyed both verbally and nonverbally
Often indicates whether a speakers message
has been understood
NOTE – Feedback is actually a message
whereby the receiver now becomes the sender
This role reversal represents the interactive
nature of public speaking
Elements of Communication
The Message – The content of the
communication process: thoughts and
ideas put into meaningful expressions
Content can be expressed verbally and nonverbally.
Miscommunication can happen when the
audience misinterprets the speaker’s intended
message or when the speaker misreads the
audience feedback.
Elements of Communication
The Channel – Medium through which the
speaker sends a message
Live audience – Channel = air waves
Telephone lines, televisions, computers, written
correspondence
Noise – Any interference with the
message
Physical sounds, psychological noise
(emotions), environmental (room temp., etc.)
The Communication Model
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Feedback
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