Transcript Slide 1
Pharmacy and Psychology Betty Chewning, PhD, FAPhA Professor, U of WI School of Pharmacy The Learners: Pharmacy Graduate Students & Professional Students (PharmD) Is Psychology Required? Professional Students: • Integrated in 1st semester course on Psychosocial Issues & Pharmacy Management – Patient (PT) perspective presented by PTs – Theory presented (Self-Efficacy, Self Regulation, HBM, Transtheoretical Model, etc.) • Integrated in last semester course on Patient Communication & Behaviors – Angry, anxious, depressed, overwhelmed PT Is Psychology Required? Graduate Students: • Required core seminar: “Social Behavioral Theories in Pharmacy, Drug Use and Health Behavior” – Topics: Provider-PT relationship; communication; adherence; decision-making/concordance; social support & coping; self care/ seeking care/ selfmanagement; provider adherence; – Theories: Self-Regulation; TPB; Transtheoretical Model; Health Belief Model; Social Cognitive Theory (Self-Efficacy); Social Marketing; etc. Role/Rationale – PharmD. • Psychological principles underpin skills needed for effective encounters with PTs – Elicit PT concerns, agendas – Listen actively – Respond empathically – Educate PT responsively (across diversity) – ID & teach PT self monitoring – Medication management (Pt, MD, RPh) Role/Rationale – Grad Students • Prepare theory based researchers – Some social science grad students take our course; Our students often take theirs • Need to use state of the art social science research methods – Psychology graduate statistics courses help in addition to the sociology courses they take Role/Rationale Grad Students • Draw on scientific principles in applied pharmacy research & teaching: – PT perceptions • Roles (RPh & PT) • PT Models of health & how evaluate – PT decisions, medication use & Influences • Prescription meds, OTCs, CAMs – Multidisciplinary Communication & Marketing Special Issues • We conduct translational research • We use findings to translate & promote best practice skills to pharmacy students – Example: Conversation analysis documents impact of different forms of asking patients“Any questions?” decreases likelihood PT will ask a Q. “What questions do you have?” increases likelihood PT will ask a Q. Opportunities and Barriers • Opportunities for psychologists to teach pharmacists: – Pharmacy embraces interdisciplinary faculty – PharmD. courses: communication, statistics, psycho-social patient perspectives – Grad courses: social behavioral theory, methods – Need for researchers writing NIH grants Barriers • Barriers for psychologists to teach pharmacists: – Emphasis on translation to pharmacy applications (PT, RPh in community, clinic, & less so hospital) – Lack of familiarity with health care system – Lack of familiarity with RPh & PT roles – Lack of familiarity with community pharmacy Implications for Psychology • Identify possibilities for joint academic programs in training – PharmD and PhD in psychology • Consider more interprofessional team taught coursework – Both at professional and graduate level • Consider the discipline of health psychology both within research and education – Require coursework across departments Preparing for the Future • Health psychology, health communication, health system coursework useful • Strong methods background for research key – In research institutions it matters as much as coursework taken Role for APA • Identify examples of interdisciplinary courses featuring psychologists • Identify courses by psychologists in other disciplines • Highlight research relevant to the targeted disciplines • Develop a SIG for those teaching/ conducting research in other targeted disciplines – Encourage this group to brainstorm how to promote