Transcript A Case for Shore Based Digital Radio as Basis for e

A Case for Shore Based Digital Radio as
Basis for e-Navigation
 Who am I and what is MARINTEK?
 A study on future e-Navigation services and their capacity
demands
 A study on today’s and future shore based digital radio
systems
 Conclusions
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Beate Kvamstad
 Research Scientist at MARINTEK (Norwegian Marine
Technology Research Institute), e-Maritime department
since February 2008
 Master of Science degree from Norwegian University of
Science and Technology (NTNU) in December 2000
 Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications
 Thesis: Implementation of EGNOS Algorithms and Testing in the
North Sea
 Kongsberg Seatex from 2001 to 2008
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Trondheim
Bergen
MARINTEK (USA),
Inc.
Oslo
Marine Technology Centre, Trondheim
MARINTEK
Houston
Norwegian Marine Technology Research Institute
Main office in Trondheim
Offices in Oslo and Bergen
Subsidiary in Houston; MARINTEK (USA), Inc.
Subsidiary in Rio de Janeiro; MARINTEK do Brasil, Ltda.
MARINTE
K
do Brasil,
Ltda.
Rio de Janeiro
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Market Profile
MARINTEK carries out contract R&D for marine related industries:
•
•
•
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Offshore oil/gas industry
Ship building industry
Shipping
Marine equipment industry
MARINTEK is heading for technologically challenging R&D
projects:
- New advanced product concepts and prototypes
- New advanced services
for the benefit of our customers, and the society through:
- Reduced risks for human lives, environment and capital assets.
MARINTEK undertakes multidisciplinary projects and cooperates with associated partners within the SINTEF Group.
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Ownership
MARINTEK has the following shareholders:
6.5 MNOK 56%
SINTEF
……………..………………..….:
Norwegian Shipowners’ Association3.0
: MNOK 26%
Det Norske Veritas …...………..….….:
1.0 MNOK
9%
Found. of Shipbuilders’ Fund
0.5 MNOK
for Research and Education ..……….:
4%
Directorate of Shipping ………………:
0.5 MNOK
4%
Fed. of Norwegian Coastal
Shipping
1%
0.1 MNOK
:
Total Share Capital:
11.6 MNOK
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A study on future e-Navigation services
and their capacity demands
 Motivation:
 To find appropriate and good solutions for e-Navigation data
carriers is not trivial. Someone needed to start the discussions
and investigations concerning this issue.
 Objectives:
 To analyse the emerging communication requirements and how
these can be translated to higher digital communication
bandwidth demands.
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Study methodology
1. Group today's existing maritime services classes of communication
services
2. Analyse each class to determine current bandwidth requirements
3. Perform a literature study to identify and quantify (with respect to
possible bandwidth demands) possible future services
4. Complement the results from the literature study with other likely
services based on the authors’ knowledge of maritime operations
5. Put the new identified services into the same classes as today’s
services and determine new communication requirements
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Results 1: Today’s services
1. Emergency management
5. Operational communication
Communication related to accidents at sea, either for
assistance to other ships or to get aid to oneself
Daily noon reports, machinery reports, arrival and departure
reports exchanged with owner and owner’s office.
2. Position & safety reporting
6. Cargo & passenger communication
AIS and LRIT ship position reports, GMDSS emergency
alarms as well as ship security alarm systems. AMVER
reports can also be included here.
In passenger ships, one will see that the passengers in many
cases pay for advanced communication facilities through their
private use. This may also be the case for certain cargos,
where cargo owner will pay for cargo supervision.
3. Additional navigational information
7. Crew infotainment
Information to the ship about local navigational issues. Can
include differential GPS correction, NAVTEX and some AIS
messages.
Crew’s private communication
4. Mandatory ship reporting
Reporting to VTS and other ship reporting areas as well as
mandatory reporting to port state authorities in conjunction
with port calls.
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Result 2: Possible future e-Navigation
services
1. Emergency management
Communication to other ships, communication to SAR,
communication to owner’s office.
What
about the
remaining
groups?
2. Additional
navigational
information
Position & safety reporting
Cargo & passenger reporting
Crew infotainment
VTS coordination, Maritime Information Objects (MIO), PPUVTS images, real-time met-ocean data, tug/mooring
coordination, load/discharge coordination, port ENC updates.
3. Mandatory ship reporting
Ship reporting, coast state notification, port arrival notification.
4. Operational communication
Voyage orders and reports, commercial port services,
navigational data update (ENC), operational reports, operating
manuals, documents, external maintenance and service,
weather forecast, telemedicine.
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Result 3: Bandwidth requirements
Capacity requirements (bps)
100 Mbps
Special purpose
applications
e-Navigation
1 Mbps
Infotainment
(crew & passenger
communication)
Video monitoring
Training &
qualification
Technical
maintenance
Reporting
(Mandatory)
Reporting
10 kbps
(Operational and
navigational)
Low
Medium
Emergency
messaging
(SAR)
High
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Emergency
management
Dedicated narrow band
Position and
safety reporting
Additional
navigational
information
Mandatory ship
reporting
AIS based
General digital radio
Nautical
Operational
communication
Crew
Crew
infotainment
Other
Cargo and
passengers
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Shore versus satellite based systems
 Inmarsat Fleet Broadband, Iridium OpenPort, Iridium NEXT (estimated
available in 2016)
 Maritime community depends on SatCom outside reach of shore based
systems
 Expensive infrastructure development, expensive to operate and
expensive to use
 Coast state control over transmitting equipment
 Mandatory services under IMO regulation (SOLAS) has traditionally been
free for users (the ships)
 GSM/GPRS/EDGE, 3G/UMTS/Turbo-3G ( LTE), WiFi/WLAN,
WiMAX, CDMA 450, Digital VHF (D-VHF: VHF Data, VDL…), AIS
 Infrastructure costs will be significantly less than for satellite systems
 Availability for general digital ship/shore communication
 Heterogeneous approach to e-Navigation (if standardised)
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Shore Based Digital Radio
 Extending coverage and range at sea for both in-use and novel
terrestrial wireless systems/technologies, e.g.:
 Cellular:
 GSM/GPRS/EDGE
 3G/UMTS/Turbo-3G ( LTE)
 Wireless broadband (WBB):
 WiFi/WLAN
 WiMAX
 CDMA 450 (ref. Ice)
 Wireless narrowband (WNB):
 Digital VHF (D-VHF: VHF Data, VDL…)
 AIS
e-Navigation:
Extended coverage
and range and a
bandwidth capacity
of at least 200 kbps
 Reclaimed VHF/UHF TV-bands (?)
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Wireless Narrowband (WNB)
Standard
Maximum
throughput[1]
Downlink
Digital VHF
(D-VHF)
VHF Data
AIS
LRIT
[1]
[2]
21 kbps/
133 kbps
2x
9.6 kbps
~ 36 b/s
Range
Notes
Uplink
21 kbps/
133 kbps
2x
9.6 kbps
~ 36 b/s
130 km
As the 1st generation of digital VHF systems Telenor Maritime Radio (TMR)
has devised a technology called “VHF Data”, exhibiting the following
throughput characteristics:
• Narrowband radio: 21 kbps (1 x 25 kHz channel)[2]
• Broadband radio: 133 kbps (9 x 25 kHz channels = 225 kHz)[2]
The 2nd generation under planning will allegedly provide a spectral efficiency
of 3 (bit/s)/Hz, an is thus expected to increase the capacity by a factor of
3 – 10, depending on the modulation and access methods applied.
 75 km
(landbased)
ITU has assigned two VHF frequencies worldwide for AIS purposes on a
primary, non-exclusive basis, each providing 9.6 kbps data rate.
With the present land-based AIS system the range is limited to around 40 nm (
75 km), and several projects regarding Space-based AIS have thus been
established lately to extend that range – a.o. in Norway.
Satellitebased
Data derived through LRIT will be available only to those entitled to receive
such information, and safeguards concerning the confidentiality of those data
have been built into the regulatory provisions.
The LRIT communication message will allegedly comprise a payload of 64 bits
from the vessel’s terminal and 200 bits (133 characters) to it, transmitted at a
user data (burst) rate of ~ 36 b/s every 6 hours at security level 1, and up to
every 15 minutes at security level 2 or 3.
Throughput is the data rate of the standard - the theoretical maximum throughput available to a single connection under ideal conditions
Note: Low spectral efficiency: 0.84 (bit/s)/Hz for Narrowband and 0.6 (bit/s)/Hz for Broadband
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Dedicated narrow band systems:
Digital VHF




Range: 70 nm ( 130 km) from closest base station
Power: 25 W
Interfaces: Ethernet, RS232
Data rate:
 Narrowband radio: 21 kbps (1 x 25 kHz channel)
 Broadband radio: 133 kbps (9 x 25 kHz channels = 225 kHz)
 Low spectral efficiency !
 Narrowband radio:
 Broadband radio:
0.84 bps/Hz
0.59 bps/Hz (?)
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Norwegian
Coastal
VHF
Highly relevant as a potential
 VHF
Data
data carrier for
e-Navigation
(Yellow coverage)

Analog VHF
(Magenta coverage)
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Dedicated narrow band systems: AIS




Range: 40 nm ( 75 km) from closest base station
Power: 25 W
Interfaces: Ethernet, RS232
Data rate: (uplink/downlink)
Not really relevant as a potential
 AIS data is carried by two globally dedicated VHF frequencies
data carrier for e-Navigation
(161.975 and 162.025 MHz), with channel spacing of 25 kHz or
12kHz, and 9.6 kbps transmission rate on each frequency
 Too low capacity today for congested areas !
 Dedicated to AIS messages
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General digital radio: WiMAX
Standard
WiFi/WLAN
IEEE802.11a
IEEE802.11b
IEEE802.11g
IEEE802.11n
WiMAX
(IEEE802.16
e)
CDMA 450
(NMTIce.net)
Maximum
throughput[1]
Range
Notes
Downlink
Uplink
54 Mbps
11 Mbps
54 Mbps
200 Mbps
54 Mbps
11 Mbps
54 Mbps
200 Mbps
70 Mbps
Quoted speeds only achievable at short ranges,
more practically: 10 Mbps at 10 km [2].
Highly~ relevant
as a potential
7.5
Sub-GHz WiMAX is expected to increase range
70 Mbps
km
data carrier
e-Navigation
byfor
a factor
of 5-10 ;
50 km has already been demonstrated
Typical download [2]:
range
~30 mLow
- 2 Mbps
~30 m - 10 Mbps
~50 m - 40 Mbps
[2]
3.1 Mbps
1.8 Mbps
Typical :
Not
~ 60very relevant for
-Downlink: 300 kbps – 2 Mbps
km
e-Navigation
-Uplink:services
200 – 500 kbps
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Conclusions
 A shore based digital communication network will be a
good alternative for e-Navigation
 e-Navigation can probably be satisfied by a total
bandwidth of about 200 kbps per radio cell
 The most interesting solution probably is Digital VHF,
WiMAX or a WiMAX type of communication solutions in
the UHF or VHF bands.
 The MarCom and MarSafe projects are currently
identifying methods for extending the coverage and range
at sea for both in-use and novel terrestrial wireless
systems/technologies
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References
 Rødseth, Ø.J., Kvamstad, B., Digital Communication
Bandwidth Requirements for Future e-Navigation
Services, to be published
 Bekkadal, F., D4.1 – Maritime Communication Technology,
MarCom project internal report
 www.marcom.no
 www.sintef.no/Projectweb/MARSAFE
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Thank you for your attention!
Beate Kvamstad
[email protected]
+47 92 22 22 40
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