Transcript Document

Job Safety&
Environmental Analysis
Job Safety & Environmental Analysis (JSEA)
Statistics indicate that the most frequent
way workers are killed is through:
• Falls
• Not recognizing the dangers of
machinery
• Electrocution
Job Safety & Environmental Analysis (JSEA)
• Management processes must be in
place to ensure workers have the skills
to complete the job and that there is a
required level of supervision to ensure
tasks are completed properly.
• Processes to monitor do not need to
require a lot of time or paperwork.
• Take a few minutes before each
significant task to evaluate the situation.
Job Safety & Environmental Analysis (JSEA)
Two Kinds of Analysis:
1.Job Safety & Environmental Analysis
(JSEA):
•
Best used for stationary or
repetitive tasks.
•
Determines physical requirements,
environmental conditions and safety
factors relating to the task.
Job Safety & Environmental Analysis (JSEA)
Steps of a JSEA
• Write down the steps of the task.
Determine where a change in activity,
change in direction or movement takes
place.
• Identify hazard and mitigate it if
possible.
• Recommend actions for hazard
mitigation and control measures.
Job Safety & Environmental Analysis (JSEA)
• Control measures may include:
• Administrative controls such as
training, hazardous energy control, or
changing how the task is completed.
• Engineering controls such as
mechanical assistance, equipment
redesign, housekeeping or
ventilation.
• Personal Protective Equipment such
as respiratory equipment, hearing
protection or clothing.
Job Safety & Environmental Analysis (JSEA)
• Develop a worksite diagram that
includes identified hazards and
evacuation routes, and assembly area.
• Conduct a tailgate safety meeting with
affected parties.
• Use the Stop Work Authority when work
deviates from the analysis document.
Job Safety & Environmental Analysis (JSEA)
• The most effective time to perform a
JSEA is dictated by the specific
environment as well as the turnover of
new employees.
• Before work is the recommended time to
conduct a JSEA.
Job Safety & Environmental Analysis (JSEA)
2. Job Hazard Analysis (JHA):
•
Focuses on the relationship
between the worker, task,
tools and the work
environment.
•
Supervisors can use the
findings of a JHA to
eliminate and prevent
hazards in their workplace.
Job Safety & Environmental Analysis (JSEA)
Use of JHAs may lead to:
• Fewer worker injuries and
illnesses.
• Safer, more effective work
methods.
• Reduced workers’ compensation
costs.
• Increased worker productivity.
Job Safety & Environmental Analysis (JSEA)
• Using JSEA and JHA approaches
recognizes that different trades do
different tasks.
• Many tasks are done routinely and done
safely but some are not.
• Luck should not be a part of whether
someone gets hurt or not.
Review
Hazard Communication
(Right to Know Standard)
Hazard Communication
• There are two basic types of chemical
hazards the regulation applies to –
Health and Physical.
• Chemicals are present in all aspects of
our lives, home and work. Chemicals
present a hazard when they are not
properly used, stored, labeled, mixed
and handled.
• The “Right to Know” standard is
important so that you may protect
yourself from chemical hazard injury.
Hazard Communication
Health Hazards
• When a chemical shows significant
evidence of a potential injury or illness,
when in contact with the chemical
through absorption.
• Body Surface
• Ingestion
• Inhalation
• Body Openings
Hazard Communication
Physical Hazards
• When the chemical has evidence that it
is a compressed gas, oxidizer, reactive,
organic peroxide, pyrophoric, explosive
and flammable.
• Chemicals in one state might be
harmless, while in another state they are
life threatening.
Hazard Communication
Physical Hazards
• Examples of physical hazards exist
when chemical hazards are:
• Oxidized
• Explosive
• Unstable (reactive)
• Combustible
• Flammable
• Pyrophoric
Hazard Communication
Classification of Hazards
• The seven most common
classifications of hazards are:
• Irritant – causes swelling or rash
on the skin from the chemical
coming in contact with the body.
• Reactive – chemical materials that
are self explosive or violent when
used with another substance
under certain temperatures,
pressure or shock.
Hazard Communication
Classification of Hazards
• Flammable – chemical materials
with a flash point below 100°
Fahrenheit. The flash point is
achieved when the liquid or
solid gives off enough vapor to
ignite.
• Corrosive – chemical materials
which cause a bad burn to the
skin such as acids and
ammonia.
Hazard Communication
Classification of Hazards
• Explosive – a sudden release of
gas and heat when subjected to
sudden pressure, shock or high
temperatures.
• Radioactive – materials which give
off harmful radiation which may
cause death or serious lifetime
physical effects.
Hazard Communication
Classification of Hazards
• Toxic – a toxic chemical may cause
serious injury or death when exposed
through the skin, swallowing,
breathing, or through body openings.
• Factors that determine the toxicity are:
• Length of exposure
• Chemical combination
• Sensitivity
• Amount of exposure
Hazard Communication
Entry Ways for Chemical
Exposure
• Skin – some effects are skin
burn, irritation, or rash without
the use of proper PPE.
• Inhalation/Breathing – inhaling
of toxic vapors or dust from
chemical exposure without air
breathing equipment.
Hazard Communication
Entry Ways for Chemical
Exposure
• Ingestion – accidentally
swallowing chemicals when
coming in contact with items
such as food or drink. Wash
hands before eating or drinking.
• Body Openings – Eyes, ears,
mouth and cuts. Proper PPE is
critical to reduce this exposure.
Hazard Communication
Container Labeling
• The Hazcom standard requires all containers
(in use or in storage) of hazardous chemicals
to include three information items on each
container label.
• Chemical name
• Hazardous warnings
• Name and address of the manufacturer or
inspector
Hazard Communication
Container Labeling
• In plant chemical labels must also include on
the container the target organ which may be
effected and how.
• Labels may also include what PPE should be
used during handling.
• Unlabeled containers must be reported to
your supervisor before handling the
chemical.
Hazard Communication
Labeling Agencies
• Containers may have one or a combination of
labels which represent the four standard
labeling agencies.
• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
• Department of Transportation (DOT)
• American National Standards Institute
(ANSI)
• Hazardous Material Information System
(HMIS)
Hazard Communication
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
• Label has a diamond design using four
squares for hazard designation.
Red = Flammability
= Reactivity
White = Special
Hazard
Blue = Health
0=least hazardous
4=most hazardous
Hazard Communication
Department of Transportation (DOT)
 Label has a diamond design and is color
coded to represent the different hazards.
Orange = Explosive
White = Toxic
Black & White – Corrosive
= Oxidizer
= Radioactive
Red = Flammable
Red Striped = Solid Flammable
Hazard Communication
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
 Square shaped with information labeled in
one of four categories:
1. Flammable
2. Toxic
3. Reactive
4. Corrosive
Danger, Warning and Caution may also
be used for additional information.
Hazard Communication
Hazardous Material Information System (HMIS)
• Square shaped with four categories noted by
the hazard number 0-4.
1. Health
2. Flammability
3. Reactivity
4. PPE
Hazard Communication
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
• MSDS are required to be available for each
chemical that an employee will be handling.
• There are nine areas of information
regarding the identification, safe use and
hazards of the chemical.
• You need to be familiar with the MSDS before
an emergency arises.
Hazard Communication
Identification
 Contains contact information about the
chemical manufacturer, which can be
important in the event of an emergency.
Hazard Communication
Hazardous
Components
• Scientific name and
common name of
the chemical are
listed here.
• Exposure limited
are also found here.
Hazard Communication
Physical/Chemical Characteristics Section
• Indicates boiling point, vapor pressure and
density, melting point, specific gravity,
appearance and odor.
Hazard Communication
Fire & Explosion Hazard Data Section
• Provides
information on
explosive and
fire properties,
special
procedures and
general
extinguishing
information.
Hazard Communication
Reactivity Data
• Rates the chemical stability, hazardous
decomposition or byproducts.
Hazard Communication
Health Hazard Data
• Relates to health
hazards (acute
and chronic)
symptoms, routes
of entry and
target organs.
Hazard Communication
Health Hazard Data cont.
• Relates to health
hazards (acute
and chronic)
symptoms, routes
of entry and
target organs.
Hazard Communication
Precautions for Safe Handling and Use
• Covers steps to be taken in case of a spill or
release of the chemical; waste disposal and
storage procedure.
Hazard Communication
Special Protection
• What PPE should be worn to reduce exposure
and ventilation requirements.
Hazard Communication
Special Precaution
 This section does not appear on all MSDS
forms; however, if included it will explain
required handling and storing precautions.
Hazard Communication
PPE
• The purpose of PPE is to prevent injury or
illness when handling hazardous or toxic
chemicals.
• The use of PPE will keep the employee working
with the chemical within a safe limit.
• Employees should make every effort to use the
least hazardous chemical when conducting a
task where chemicals are required.
Hazard Communication
Employee Training
• Employers are to inform their employees of
the following:
• OSHA Hazard Communication Standard.
• List of hazardous chemicals present in your
work environment.
• Hazardous communication plan.
• How to use MSDS sheets and labels.
• PPE to be used by the employee when
working with hazardous chemicals.
Review
Incident Prevention
Signs and Tags
Incident Prevention Signs and Tags
• Signs and tags are used to define specific
hazards that may lead to incidental injury
to workers or the public, or to property
damage.
• Wording of signs should be:
• Easy to read and concise.
• Contain sufficient information to be
understood.
• Make a positive suggestion.
Incident Prevention Signs and Tags
• Examples of a major message on
signs or tags:
• High Voltage
• Close Clearance
• Do Not Start
• Do Not Use
• Major messages can be in the
form of:
• Written text, or
• Pictures, or
• Both
Incident Prevention Signs and Tags
Signs:
• DANGER: A hazardous situation
in which a high probability of
death or severe injury exists.
Recommended to be
predominantly RED.
: A hazardous situation
which may result in minor or
moderate injury. Recommended
to be predominantly
.
Incident Prevention Signs and Tags
Signs:
 Warning: A hazard level
between Danger and Caution.
: Conveys
reminders or general
instructions relative to safe
work practices.
Incident Prevention Signs and Tags
Signs:
• NOTICE: Provides information of
general type in order to avoid
confusion or misunderstanding.
• Biological Hazard: Used to signify
the actual or potential presence of
a biohazard. Signage will be
fluorescent orange or orange red.
• Shall include only those infectious
agents that present risk or
potential risk to the well-being of a
person.
Incident Prevention Signs and Tags
Tags:
• Tags are not required to be used where
signs, guarding or other positive means of
protection are being used.
• Tags convey the same types of messages
as a sign but are typically made of paper or
plastic and are attached as close as safely
possible to a specific hazard.
Incident Prevention Signs and Tags
• Tags must be used until the identified
hazard is eliminated or the hazardous
operation is complete.
• Tags carry the same types of warnings,
color coding and positive messages as
a sign.
Review
Personal Protective
Equipment
(PPE)
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
and clothing is designed to protect the
employee from chemical or physical
hazards.
• All other safety precautions must be in
effect where possible before PPE is
used.
• PPE must be worn to meet the hazard
assessment conducted and/or Material
Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) requirements.
Head Protection - Hard Hat (Safety Helmet)
• Anyone working or standing in the
perimeter of identified hazardous areas is
required to wear a hard hat at all times.
• Hard hats must meet ANSI Z 89.1 and
OSHA standards as applicable.
• The hat cannot be altered in any way such
as carving, holes or removing parts.
Head Protection - Hard Hat (Safety Helmet)
• Hard hats must be plastic and not metal.
• Hats and liners are to be:
• Washed periodically with soapy
water.
• Inspected before each use.
• Replaced as needed.
Head Protection - Hard Hat (Safety Helmet)
• The hard hat liner is the suspension system.
• Adjust so there is a one-inch gap between
the hard hat liner and the hard hat.
• The hat should fit comfortably and securely
to the head.
• If a hard hat cap is worn, the bill must face
the front.
Eye Protection - Goggles & Face Shields
• All employees shall use approved eye or face
protection when working on equipment when
in areas identified as hazardous.
• Employees who wear prescription lenses
shall wear eye protection that incorporates
the prescription in the design.
• (Z-87 standards), or
• over-the-glasses protective wear.
Eye Protection - Goggles & Face Shields
• When supervising, helping or performing
welding operations, all filter lenses must
meet the requirements of OSHA 29 CFR
1910.133.
• Contact lenses must be soft or gas
permeable.
Eye Protection - Goggles & Face Shields
• The most common form of eye protection
is safety glasses with side shields
(prescription and non-prescription).
• Face shields should be worn if greater
protection from splashes and flying debris
is needed.
• Face shields must be worn with safety
glasses or goggles.
Eye Protection - Goggles & Face Shields
Safety glasses and face shields should be
worn when:
• Pouring a rope socket
• Grinding
• Chipping
• Performing any function with
the potential for flying debris.
Eye Protection - Goggles & Face Shields
Safety goggles are required to be available on
location at all times.
• Check for cracks, scratches and other
impairments that may affect performance.
• Adequate protection against the highest
level of each of the hazards should be
provided.
Hand Protection - Gloves
High-quality cotton gloves as specified by your
company are recommended to protect hands
from:
• Pinch points
• Abrasive materials
• Hot and cold temperatures
• Mechanical parts
• Static electricity
Hand Protection - Gloves
The selection of hand protection shall be
based on:
• A hazard assessment
• Conditions present
• Duration of exposure
• Potential hazard
• Glove material
Hand Protection - Gloves, Etc.
• Make sure there is no skin exposed
between the glove and sleeve when
working with chemicals.
• Caution should be taken when wearing
gloves around rotating and moving
equipment.
• Barrier creams are not considered
adequate hand protection.
Foot Protection - Safety Toed Boots
• Wearing of safety-toed boots is required on
location at all times and in the shop, yard, or
field locations.
• New employees are expected to wear boots
on location their first day.
• Boots must have a safety cap and non-skid
soles and must meet Standard Z-41.
Hearing Protection
• Employees working in areas where the
noise level exceeds 85 decibels are
required to wear hearing protection.
• Hearing protection must meet the Noise
Reduction Rating (NRR) specified by
ANSI.
• Earplugs can be reusable or disposable.
• Most importantly they need to be
properly cleaned and stored.
Hearing Protection
• Always wash your hands before inserting
earplugs.
• A tight protective seal is needed so insert
the earplug well into the ear.
• Earmuffs also protect your hearing and can
be worn apart from the hard hat or attached
to it.
Clothing and Jewelry
• Some companies require Fire Retardant
Clothing (FRC) based upon the hazards
which exist on location.
• Close-fitting cotton or wool clothing is
suggested.
• Do not wear baggy or worn clothing.
Clothing and Jewelry
• Long hair should be tied up and secured
under the hard hat.
• Well-servicing and other workers should
never wear rings, watches, and other
jewelry that could catch on tools or
machinery.
Review
Fall Protection
Protecting Workers from
Falls
• Conventional Systems:
– Guardrail Systems
– Safety Net Systems
– Personal Fall Protection
• Fall arrest systems
• Positioning systems
• Travel restraint systems
• Fall protection’s goal is to manage fall
hazards and focus attention on correct
work practices.
Fall Protection
Fall protection must be worn while in the
derrick, or working above OSHA required
heights.
100 % Tie off is required
Fall Protection
Full-Body Harness:
• Attach one end of the
lanyard to the “D” ring
which is on the back of
the harness.
• Attached the other end
to the climbing device or
engineered personal fall
arrest system.
Fall Protection
Self Retracting Lanyard (SRL)
• Alternate connecting devices to
shock absorbing lanyards.
• Make certain the lanyard is the
proper length to allow the necessary
worker movement and positioning.
• Make certain that the right material
type is chosen. Cable works best in
high heat environments or around
sharp edges. Webbing works best in
most other applications.
Fall Protection
• Do not expose fall protection equipment to
corrosive materials or vapors, hazardous
chemicals, or high temperatures.
• The harness shall not be altered or
misused to insure maximum protection
during use.
• When donning your fall protection, you
must follow the manufacturers procedure
for fitting the harness.
Fall Protection
• Properly fitting fall protection
will be snug to the body and
have room enough to place
two fingers between the leg
and the leg straps.
• Too much room can cause
you to be turned upside down
in a fall which reduces your
rescue time and can cause
injury.
Fall Protection
Care
• Always follow manufacturer
recommendations for proper care and
cleaning of your fall protection.
• Fall protection should be cleaned with
water and mild soap detergent solution
and hung to air dry.
• Store fall protection in a cool, dry, clean
area out of direct sunlight.
Fall Protection
Inspection
• Fall protection should be inspected
before each use. Look for:
• Wear and damage
• Buckles working properly
• Grommets are not stretched or
broken
• Signs of a previous fall
Fall Protection
• All movement of the rig’s blocks should
cease until personnel are in the
workstations and secured to proper fall
protection.
• At no time shall an employee be
unattached from fall protection while in
the derrick or working above the required
height except in an emergency
evacuation.
Review