Transcript The World Beyond Words

The World Beyond Words

Nonverbal Communication
“The language of the
body is the key that can
unlock the soul.”
Stanislavksy
Definition & Benefits
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All aspects of communication other than
words
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Gesture, smile, frown, widen your eyes, move
your chair closer to someone, wear jewelry,
touch someone, raise your vocal volume or say
nothing
The greater your ability to send & receive NV
messages:
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the higher your attraction, popularity &
psychosocial well-being likely will be
The more successful you’re likely to be at
influencing others
Differences b/t Verbal & NV
 Perceived
as more believable
 Multi-channeled
 Continuous
10 Channels of NVC
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Facial Displays
Eye Behaviors
Movement &
Gestures-Kinesics
Touch BehaviorsHaptics
Vocal BehaviorsVocalics or
Paralanguage
6. The use of SmellOlfactics
7.The use of SpaceProxemics
8. Physical
Appearance
9.The use of TimeChronemics
10. The use of Artifacts
5 NV Functions
1. Impression Formation & Management
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Responsiveness/Immediacy
Likability
Attractiveness
Power/Dominance
2. Forming & Defining
Relationships
 Much
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of relationship is lived nonverbally
65%-93%
Holding hands, looking into other’s eyes,
dressing alike
Dominance & status
3. Structuring Conversation &
Social Interaction
 Turn-taking
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cues
Signals that you’re ready
 To
speak
 To listen
 To continue
 To end
4. Influence
 Focused
glance
 Gestures
 Appropriate
dress
 Deception
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Lie
Mislead
Detect deception in others, too
5. Emotional Expression
 Great
part of emotional experience
 Facial expressions reveal ranges of
emotions
 Posture, gestures, eye movement (pupil
dilation)
 Unpleasant messages
Getting to Know You
Your Nonverbal Interpretation and Expression
How much do you agree with each of the following statements?
Indicate level of agreement with each statement on a scale of 17, wherein 1 means you strongly disagree and 7 means you
strongly agree.
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When I feel depressed, I tend to bring down those around
me.
It is nearly impossible for people to hide their true feelings
from me.
I have been told that I have “expressive” eyes.
At parties, I can instantly tell when someone is interested in
me.
Quite often I tend to be the “life of the party.”
People often tell me that I am a sensitive and
understanding person.
Scoring
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When you have finished, add up your scores
from items 1, 3, and 5. This is your score for
expressiveness. Next, add up your scores from
items 2, 4, and 6. This is your score for
interpretation. Both scores should range from
3-21.
16-21=quite good
9-15=moderate
3-8=can benefit from guidance in Chapter
Body Gestures
 Kinesics,
the study of communication
through body movement
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Emblems-directly translate words or phrases
 “OK”
sign
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sign, “Come here” wave, hitchhiker’s
Illustrators-accompany & literally “illustrate:
verbal messages
 Circular
hand movements when talking of a
circle, hands far apart for large
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Affect displays-communicate emotional
meaning
 Expressions
of happiness, surprise, fear, anger,
sadness, disgust
Kinesics Continued
 Regulators-monitor,
maintain or control
the speaking another
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Facial expressions & hand gestures
indicating “keep going,” “Slow down,” or
“What else happened?”
 Adaptors-satisfy
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some need
Scratching head, moisten lips
Crossing your arms over your chest
Clicking pen, chewing pencil
Kinesics Continued
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Body Appearance
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Body build
Height
Race, nationality
Weight
Attractiveness-(definitions are becoming
universal)
*What ways would you alter your personal
Appearance if you were trying to look
Friendlier? Smarter? More liberal? Wealthier?
Kinesics Continued
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Facial Communication
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Emotions-degree of pleasantness, agreement,
sympathy
Research indicates: face communicates
universally
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Happiness
Surprise
Fear
Anger
Sadness
Disgust
Contempt
Interest
Facial continued
 Some
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emotions are easier to decode:
Happiness judged accurately-55%-100%
Surprise-38%-86%
Sadness-19%-88%
 Women
& girls are more accurate judges
 Context plays a role for decoding
 Smiling people are judged as more likable
& approachable
Kinesics cont.
 Facial
management techniques-enable
you to communicate your feelings to
achieve the effect you want & display in
socially acceptable ways
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Intensify
Deintensify
Neutralize
Mask
Simulate
Kinesics cont.
 Facial
Feedback Hypothesis-facial
expressions influences physiological
arousal. Your facial expression influence
the judgments & impressions that others
have of you; it also influences your level of
emotional arousal
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One study: participants held a pen in their
teeth to simulate sadness. Rated photos.
Results showed that mimicking sad
expressions actually increased the degree
of sadness the subjects reported feeling
when viewing the photos.
Eye Communication
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Eye Contact:
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Monitor feedback – to get it and to listen
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Listeners gaze at speakers more-62%-75%
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When flipped, becomes awkward
Secure attention & interest
Regulate & control
Signal nature of relationship
Status & aggression
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Gazing while talking-38%-41%
Visual dominance
Compensate for increased physical distance
Eyes cont.
 Eye
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Avoidance
Great intruders
 Turn
 Pupil
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away in public-civil inattention
dilation
Enlarged pupils
 Beauty
 Interest/emotional
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Cosmetic industry
arousal
HapticsTouch Communication
 Most
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primitive form of NVC
First sense used-child in womb
 Fondled,
caressed, patted, stroked
 Learns to communicate through touch
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Early stages of a relationship-touch little
Intermediate stages-touch a lot
Stable or deterioration-touch little
Haptics cont.
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Meanings of touch
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Positive emotions
Playfulness
Control
Ritualistic
Task-related
Touch Avoidance
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Fear oral communication
Little self-disclosure
Difficult to get close
Decreased touching leads to avoiding touching
Women-higher touch avoidance or opposite-sex touch
than do men
Proxemics
 How
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we use space!
Cultural norms
 Skin
to 11/2 feet-significant relationships
 11/2 ft-4ft-close friends
 4ft-12ft-social distance
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Collectivist vs Individualistic Culture
Women & Minorities
Power
Paralanguage
 Vocalics
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Whispering
Shouting
Sarcasm
Control vocal cues
Project an image
Accents
Cultural
 Silence
Listening Cues
Who in your life is a good listener?
 Proxemics/Space
 Posture,
facial,
movements
 Encouragers
 Verbal Support
 Dual
Perspective
 Ask questions
 Make judgmental
comments?
 Interrupt?