Transcript China 200 C.E.

China 200 C.E.
Who Was the Han Emperor who made
radical reforms?
• Wang Mang – his reforms caused confusion
and civil war
Han Inventions
• Paper
What happened in China?
• After Wang Mang was
a period of restoration
• Restore imperial
power
• Han dynasty begins to
collapse
• Child emperors –
peasant revolts
• Barbarian Threats –
Mongols
What Happened in Japan?
• Yayoi rice-farming
culture covers much of
southern Japan
• To the north, the
Jomon huntergathering culture
• Japan as being divided
into many militarized
chiefdoms at this time.
What happened in Korea?
• The Han empire of
China ruled much of
Korea
• A Korean kingdom has
emerged in the north,
Koguryo.
• The future kingdoms of
Silla and Paekje trace
their origins back to
this period.
What Happened in the Middle East?
• the Middle East was
between the hostile
empires of Rome and
Parthia
• A lot of Fighting for things
• One small part of the
Middle East, Judaea, has
seen the birth of one of
the major religions of
world history
What Happened in Africa?
• All of North Africa is
now firmly under
Roman rule.
• Kingdom of Axum in
Ethiopia
• Berber tribes are
pioneering longdistance trade routes
across the Sahara
• the Bantu iron age
migration continues
China 500 C.E.
What year did the Han Dynasty break
up?
• 220 C.E.
Who unified the northern region of
China and who unified the southern?
• Northern WEI
• Southern Sung
What happened in China?
• Mongol attacks
• They have pursued a
policy of Sinicization
• this region, spared the
upheavals to the
north, has seen
considerable economic
expansion and
population growth
What Happened in Japan
• The Yamato becomes
powerful
• large-scale irrigation
works constructed at
this time.
• Japan resisted the
advance of the
agricultural way of life,
but rice-farming was
finally adopted
What Happened in Korea?
• transformed themselves
into centrally-organized
kingdoms, the three
leading ones being
Koguryo, Paechke and Silla
• The ruling classes of the
various kingdoms have
adopted Chinese
civilization wholesale, and
both Confucianism and
Buddhism have come into
the peninsula from China
during these centuries
What happened in Middle East?
• The Middle East is
divided between the
Eastern Roman
empire and the
Persian empire
• the Parthian empire
has been replaced by
a new Persian
empire
What happened in Africa?
• A powerful new
kingdom is arising in
Ethiopia, while in
West Africa trade
routes across the
Sahara are developing
• the Bantu migration
has reached South
Africa
China 750 C.E.
Who unified china once again? Did it
last?
• China was again unified by the Sui dynasty in
589. This dynasty did not last long,
What did the Tang Emperors Bring?
• The Tang emperors brought stability and good
government to China
What happened in China?
• China is now united under the great Tang
dynasty, and enjoys a golden age of peace
and prosperity
What happened in Japan?
• The Japanese are
becoming one of the
most highly civilized
nations, borrowing
Chinese culture:
script, artistic and
architectural styles,
and the Confucian
education system.
Buddhism is also
making great
headway.
What happened in Korea
• The kingdom of Silla has united most of the
Korean peninsula under its rule
What happened in the Middle East?
• The Middle East has been conquered by Arab armies under the
banners of a new religion, Islam
• the Arabs established a vast empire, called the "Caliphate" "caliph"
means "successor", in this case to the Prophet Muhammad
What happened in Africa?
• In West Africa, the
powerful
and wealthy
kingdom of Ghana
has appeared, built
on the proceeds of
the lucrative transSaharan trade in salt,
gold and slaves.
China 979 C.E.
What were the names of the 2
barbarian tribes in Northern China?
• In northern
China, two
barbarian
dynasties reign,
the Liao and
the Western Xia
Who was the powerful frontier army
commander?
• An Lushan
What happened in China?
• The Tang dynasty
has fallen, and the
Song dynasty now
rules most of China
• 969 China was
largely reunified
under the Song
dynasty.
What happened in Japan?
• The Fujiwara
family preside
over a period in
which the
Japanese break
free from the
cultural
dominance of
China
What happened in Korea?
• The Koryo dynasty
has now united all
Korea under its rule
• The Korean peninsula
has been reunited
under Wang Kon
(936), the founder of
the dynasty of Koryo.
Koryo is a feudal
state, with a large
measure of power in
the hands of local
lords.
What happened in the Middle East?
• The Islamic Caliphate is
beginning to fragment
• Very soon after 750
Baghdad replaced
Damascus as the capital
of the Caliphate shifting
the center of gravity of
the Muslim world
eastward
• The Muslim world is
home to a flourishing
cultural life.
Technological and
scientific developments
What happened in Africa?
• West African kingdoms
flourish
• Islam is also now spreading
across the Sahara desert
into West Africa, carried by
merchants and missionaries,
although at his date the great
bulk of the population
remain pagans. West African
civilization continues to
advance, and other kingdoms
have appeared beside
Ghana, notably Songhai and
Mali
China 1215 C.E.
Who invaded in 1135 and where were
they from?
• In 1135 a major
invasion by the
Jurchen, a
people from
central Asia,
took the entire
northern part of
the country
from the Song
What was the revolutionary farming
advancement in the Song Empire?
• wet-rice cultivation,
has greatly
increased crop
yields, and has been
accompanied by
dramatic
commercial and
industrial expansion,
both within China
itself and
throughout South
East Asia.
What happened in China?
• The Southern Song dynasty
has presided over one of the
greatest periods of
economic and technological
progress in Chinese history
• This has been the great age
of Chinese technological
innovation, with printing,
gunpowder, shipbuilding
techniques, the compass,
paper money and porcelain
• the Song emperors have
expanded the examination
system as a means of
recruiting officials,
What happened in Japan?
• A civil war has brought
to power a military
leader called the
Shogun
• This is called the
Kamakura shogunate,
after the new capital
from which the military
dictator (shogun)
exercised power. Its
rule has re-established
peace throughout the
country,
What happened in Korea?
• A military government
now rules Korea
• The unified Korean state
of Koryo enjoyed a long
period of stability, ruled by
a king with the support of
a powerful aristocracy.
• The military government
suppressed Buddhism,
which was driven
underground, but
improved the conditions
of the peasants.
What happened in the Middle East?
• Islam has by now become
the majority religion in
the Middle East
• The Seljuqs were a group
of Muslim Turks from
central Asia who,
swooping down from
their homeland,
overran Iran, Iraq, Syria &
much of Asia Minor,
where they took much
territory from
the Byzantine empire.
What happened in Africa?
• The expansion of trade in
West Africa is leading to the
rise of new kingdoms
• Islamic religion a huge
boost in the West
African kingdoms, and by
this date their ruling classes
are mostly Muslim.
extensive trade networks
criss-cross the region.
Several large trading cities,
such as Timbuktu and
Jenne, flourish, and to the
east of the Niger
China 1453 C.E.
Who was the Mongol Emperor?
• The Mongol emperor, Kublai Khan
What did the Ming restore?
• The Ming have restored the Confucian
bureaucracy, along with the examination
system, to its predominant position in the
state.
What happened in China?
• The Chinese have freed
themselves from the
Mongols and are now
ruled by the Ming
dynasty
• Internally, the country is
largely tranquil, and the
economy and population
is expanding strongly.
• Ming government has
completely refurbished
the Great Wall.
What happened in Japan?
• The Kamakura shogunate
brought a large measure of
stability to the country and
succeeded, with the help of a
typhoon, in repelling the
Mongol invasions of 1274 and
1281
• This is a period in which
contacts with the outside world
develop, with China and Korea
especially. Japanese merchants
–and pirates – operate along
the coast, as far afield as Siam
What Happened in Korea?
• Korea fell under
Mongol
overlordship after a
prolonged struggle
starting in the
1230's.
• With the ejection of
the Mongols from
China in 1368, Korea
also regained its
independence.
What happened in the Middle East?
• In the 1340s the region
was struck by the Black
Death. In the late 14th
century another
conqueror from central
Asia
• The Middle East has
been ruled by a
succession of
conquerors from
central Asia
What happened in Africa?
• New kingdoms are emerging in
different parts of Africa
• By this date, large-scale immigration
of Arabs into North Africa have
made this region largely Arabspeaking.
• The West African kingdoms have
continued to flourish and to grow,
and the trade network has
continued to expand. This has led to
the rise of more kingdoms in the
forest regions, near the coast.
• Elsewhere in Africa, other kingdoms
are also emerging. In the south and
east, this is probably related to the
penetration of trade routes further
and further inland from the Indian
Ocean.
The End