Transcript China and Koreax

CHINESE AND KOREAN ART
CHAPTER 11
REGION
HISTORY
The Chinese record their own history as a succession of ruling
dynasties that begins in 2100-1600 BCE, and ended in 1911-12 with
the formation of the Republic of China–which was soon followed by
the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949.
A dynasty is a succession of kings or emperors of the same family
line—the role of emperor was hereditary, in a succession that was
ideally father to son. In many cases, however, other relatives, and
on a few occasions even non-blood relatives, occupied the throne.
CHINESE CALLIGRAPHY
In China, from a very early period, calligraphy was considered not
just a form of decorative art; rather, it was viewed as the supreme
visual art form, was more valued than painting and sculpture, and
ranked alongside poetry as a means of self-expression and
cultivation. How one wrote, in fact, was as important as what one
wrote.
The earliest extant examples of Chinese writing are the inscriptions
that appear on so-called oracle bones (animal bones and turtle
shells) and on bronze vessels, the oldest of which date back to the
Shang dynasty (ca.1600-ca.1100 B.C.E.). Shang kings used these
objects in important divination rituals.
the Chinese written script is made up of several thousand individual
graphs. Each consists of an invariable group of strokes executed in
a set order.
GRAZING HORSE, DATED 1932
HANGING SCROLL; INK ON PAPER; 20 1/2 X 14 3/4 IN.
DAOISM AND DAOIST ART
Indigenous to China, Daoism arose as a secular
school of thought with a strong metaphysical
foundation around 500 B.C.E
Along with Buddhism, Daoism today is one of the two
dominant religions in the Chinese-speaking world.
BRONZE
Laozi, Tang dynasty (618–907) or
Northern Song dynasty
8th–11th century China Bronze; H. 9
1/2 in.
BELL, EASTERN ZHOU DYNASTY,
LATE SPRING AND AUTUMN PERIOD (770– 475 B.C.E),
CHINA
BRONZE, H. 15 IN.
Sets of bells were an
important aspect of
Zhou bronze
production. They
were used in
musical
accompaniment for
ritual ceremonies.
SILK TRADE
The Silk Road was a trade route that went from China to Eastern Europe. It went along
the northern borders of China, India, and Persia and ended up in Eastern Europe near
today's Turkey and the Mediterranean Sea.
Although there was some trade between China and the rest of the world for some
time, the silk trade was significantly expanded and promoted by the Han Dynasty
which ruled from 206 BC to 220 AD.
It was called the Silk Road because one of the major products traded was silk cloth
from China. People throughout Asia and Europe prized Chinese silk for its softness and
luxury. The Chinese sold silk for thousands of years and even the Romans called China
the "land of silk".
KOREA
Societies on the Korean peninsula appear in Chinese records as early as the
fourth century BCE. Gradually, competing groups and kingdoms on the
peninsula merged into a common national identity. After a period of
conflict among the “Three Kingdoms”—Koguryo in the north, Paekche in the
southwest, and Silla in the southeast—Silla defeated its rivals and unified
most of the Korean peninsula in 668 CE. Korea reached close to its present
boundaries during the Koryo Dynasty (918-1392), from which its Western
name “Korea” is derived.
Traditional Korea borrowed much of its high culture from China, including
the use of Chinese characters in the written language and the adoption of
Neo-Confucianism as the philosophy of the ruling elite. Buddhism, originally
from India, also came to Korea from China, and from Korea spread to
Japan.
SILLA DYNASTY
Unified Silla Dynasty,(668–935), a dynasty that unified the three
kingdoms of the Korean peninsula. This was the first occasion
within historical times that the Korean peninsula had been
unified under indigenous leadership.
The Unified Silla period produced more granite Buddhist
images and pagodas than any other period. Architectural
ornamentation, such as roof tiles decorated with floral and
animal designs.
The sculpture of the Unified Silla period was the high point of
Korean naturalism and is marked by an abundance of statues
in granite. During the first phase of the period, Korean
sculpture was under the fresh influence of Chinese sculpture
of the early Tang period.
KYŎNGJU: ANCIENT ROYAL TOMBS
ROYAL TOMBS OF THE SILLA AND UNIFIED SILLA KINGDOMS
(1ST CENTURY BC–10TH CENTURY AD)
SOUTH KOREA.
PAGODA
The five-story stone pagoda of
Chongrim Temple in Puyo,
South Korea, was built in the
first half of the 7th century.
Puyo belonged to the Paekche
kingdom of ancient Korea.
Buddhist temples in East and
Southeast Asia usually include a
towerlike, multistoried structure of
stone, brick, or wood known as a
pagoda. Like the stupa of ancient
India, from which it derived, the
pagoda is usually erected as a
commemorative monument.
IN CLASS
EXTRA CREDIT
We have discussed 3 different types of religious/nonsecular architectural structures. What are these
structures?
• Islamic
• Early Jewish-Christian
• Chinese/Korean
Find examples of 3 of these structures in your book
and describe various parts, compare and contrast the
difference and similarities between each of the
structures, and describe their uses.
Be sure to list the picture and page number of
each
of these structures in your book.