Transcript WHICh12Sec3History of Korea_SoutheastAsia-2015

History of Korea
KOREA
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Located on a peninsula
Covered with mountains
that are not high but are
very rugged.
Korea is called the
“Land of the Morning
Calm”
(This book title is making
a pun )
Geography & very early history
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Has served as a cultural bridge linking China
with island chains, including Japan
Earliest history of Korea &
Relationship with China
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Earliest Koreans came not from China but
from Siberia & Manchuria (north of China).
The earliest Koreans were hunter-gatherers.
Korean language is unrelated to Chinese
However, Korea was influenced by China in
many ways. About 1500BC, Agriculture,
including rice farming and metalworking came
to Korea from China
Early History of Korea
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Kingdom of Old Choson emerged in northern Korea
about 200BC
108BC- Han dynasty China conquered Old Choson &
ruled it for 400 years
During this time, Confucianism came from China to
Korea, as well as Chinese writing.
EARLY KOREA
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When the Han dynasty of China fell,
Korea regained independence: there
were three kingdoms: Koguryo,
Paekche & Silla
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About 300AD-600AD is called the 3
Kingdoms period. The 3 Kingdoms
often fought among themselves. This
corresponds to a period of disunity in
China between the Han and Sui
dynasties.
Silla dynasty-670AD-935AD
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The 3 kingdoms of Korea continued to fight. Meanwhile
China became reunited under the Sui dynasty. The Sui
dynasty of China tried to take over Korea but failed. Soon
the Tang dynasty of China overthrew the Sui.
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The Korean Silla dynasty made an alliance with Tang
dynasty China
Working together, the Korean kingom of Silla & Tang
China conquered the other two Korean kingdoms
Then Silla threw the Chinese out, and ruled an
independent unified Korea: 670-935AD
Buddhism came to Korea from China. During this time
Buddhism became increasingly important in Korea and
many beautiful temples were built
The Silla dynasty is pronounced “Shilla”. It can be
spelled either Silla or Shilla.
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Koryo dynasty 935-1231AD
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In 935, the Koryo dynasty (this is
different from the old Koguryo
kingdom) overthrew the old Silla
dynasty, and ruled it until the 1200s
The Koryo built a strong dynasty of
hereditary kings.
During this time, Korea developed
its own version of the “Civil Service
Exam”, although in Korea, only men
of the aristocracy could take the test.
The Koryo built a capital at
Kaesong. We get the name Korea
from this dynasty.
Koryo dynasty 935-1231AD
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During this time, Korea improved moveable
type (a Chinese invention), by making the
letters from metal, which were more durable
and made a sharper image.
“At first, one cuts letters in beech wood. One fills a trough
level with fine sandy [clay] of the reed-growing seashore.
Wood-cut letters are pressed into the sand, then the
impressions become negative and form letters [molds]. At this
step, placing one trough together with another, one pours the
molten bronze down into an opening. The fluid flows in, filling
these negative molds, one by one becoming type. Lastly, one
scrapes and files off the irregularities, and piles them up to be
”
MONGOLS IN KOREA
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In 1231, the Mongols
invaded and took
over Korea, ending
the Koryo dynasty.
In 1392, the Korean
General Yi drove
the Mongols out of
Korea.
Yi – Choson Dynasty 1392-1910
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General Yi founded the next
dynasty. It has two names. It
is either called the Yi dynasty
(after Yi), or the Choson
dynasty. Yi himself called it
Choson, after the first Korean
kingdom- Old Choson.
This dynasty lasted until
1910, when Korea was
annexed by Japan
Yi-Choson Dynasty: Culture
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During this period a beautiful type of pottery
with a green-blue glaze was made called
“celadon”.
Yi – Choson dynasty-Hangul
alphabet
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King Sejong the Great (14181450) was a scholar in many
fields
Created a much simpler alphabet
for the Korean people-Hangul.
Hangul is said to be the easiest,
most logical alphabet in the
world, and can be learned in a
few hours.
King Sejong & Hangul
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"Being of foreign origin, Chinese characters
are incapable of capturing uniquely Korean
meanings. Therefore, many common people
have no way to express their thoughts and
feelings. Out of my sympathy for their
difficulties, I have created a set of 28 letters.
The letters are very easy to learn, and it is my
fervent hope that they improve the quality of
life of all people”-from King Sejong (not Ms.
LeBourg)
Hangul
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아기서대요르부휴쉬와화웨김박산
찹금즌복을확원관완
1600s
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The Japanese tried to
invade and take over
Korea.
The Koreans, led by
Admiral Yi (a different
person from General Yi,
who lived earlier) ,
repelled their invasion
with “turtle boats”,
which had very thick,
wooden sides and a
metal top, the world’s
first metal-clad ships.
What happened next?
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The Yi (also called Choson) dynasty continued until
1910.
Then there was a period when Korea was ruled by
Japan. Japan was very mean to Korea!!!!
After World War II, Korea regained its independence
from Japan.
However, Korea became divided at the end of World
War II. North Korea became communist. South
Korea developed a very dynamic free enterprise
economy and became the leader in video games! The
two remain divided.
SOUTHEAST ASIA
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Mainland Southeast
Asia:
Myanmar
Thailand (Siam)
Laos
Cambodia
Vietnam
The people &
kingdoms of this area
were influenced by
both China & India,
but also had their
own identity
SOUTHEAST ASIA-Vietnam
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Forms an “S” along
the eastern coast of
S.E. Asia.
It has mountains,
deltas & forests.
Two main rivers: Red
River in the North.
Delta of the Mekong
River in the South
VIETNAM
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Ancient land, inhabited since paleolithic times.
Not much is known for sure about its early
history, but there are legends that tell us the
stories of its early kings.
Wet rice farming began in about 1200BC
Vietnam
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111BC-conquered by Emperor Wu-ti of Han
Dynasty China
Ruled by China most of the time from 111BC939AD, with several short periods when they
cast off Chinese domination. During this time
it was known as Annam
Vietnam-China
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Vietnam was heavily influenced by China
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Adopted Mahayana Buddhism (Mahayana is the
form of Buddhism practiced in China)
Also adopted the philosophy of Confucianism
Used the Chinese writing system.
Vietnam
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939AD-Ngo Quyen drove out the Chinese
There was a period of disorder
1009AD, a period of strong dynasties unified
Vietnam again.
Southeast
Asia-Indo
China
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Other parts of Southeast Asia (other than
Vietnam), were influenced more by India.
Early in the history of Southeast Asia,
traders and missionaries (Hindu and later
Buddhist) came from India came to
Southeast Asia.
Southeast AsiaIndo China
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These Hindu & Buddhist
Missionaries brought
Sanskrit writing
Sanskrit came to be used
in Southeast Asia (other
than Vietnam). Indian
literature spread.
Hinduism and Buddhism
spread.
Khmer Empire
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Centered in modern day
Cambodia and Thailand,
the Khmer Empire grew
to control much of
Southeast Asia from
850AD-1250AD
Khmer Empire
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Strongly influenced by Indian culture, adopted
a combination of Hindu and Buddhist beliefs.
Believed their ruler was a “god-king”.
The rulers built elaborate cities, government
centers, and temple complexes
. Built the huge city of Angkor as their capital
Built the huge temple complex called Angkor
Wat, as well as many other temples.
Khmer Empire
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Angkor Wat is the largest religious site in the
world
It is a complex of temples that symbolize the
Hindu view of the universe.
Angkor Wat
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built during the 1100s by Suryavaram II,
honors the Hindu god Vishnu
is a symbolic representation of Hindu
cosmology.
Consists of an enormous temple symbolizing
the mythic Mt. Meru, with five inter-nested
rectangular walls and moats that represent
chains of mountains and the cosmic ocean.
Khmer Empire
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The rulers also undertook major construction
projects for the public good, such as hospitals,
travelers rest-houses, canals, and huge water
control systems designed to help rice farming
Eventually the rulers of the Khmer Empire
became corrupt, and this led to social
discontent.
Khmer Empire
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In its early history, the main religion of the
Khmer empire was Hinduism.
Later the ideas of Theravada Buddhism became
increasingly widespread
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More like Siddhartha Gautama originally taught
Emphasizes non-violence
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Theravada Buddhism is the purer, simpler
form of Buddhism. Theravada Buddhism had
no place for splendid ceremonies, elaborate
temples, or a god-king.
Eventually, the Khmer empire was
overthrown, and Theravada Buddhism became
the dominant religion in Southeast Asia.