Transcript India China - Rolla Public Schools

India
China
• Subcontinent
• Himalayas
• Northern plains
–Most fertile
–Most population
• Deccan Plateau
–Dry climate
–monsoons
India
• 2000 BC
• Aryans invaded
central Asia and
occupied
territory as far
as the North of
India
• Sanskrit
Aryan Society
•
•
•
•
•
3-class system
Warrior-nobles
Priests
Common people
Chief: rajah
– (chosen from Warrior-Nobles)
• Flexible system
Caste system
• Humans & gods were part of
universal order
• Fixed social groupings
• DHARMA—code of conduct for
particular class
• KARMA—all the deeds of one’s life
(good & bad)
• reincarnation
Transparency 5
Hinduism
• More than a
religion
• Way of life
• Vishnu– preserver
• Shiva– creator/destroy
er
• Brahma– chief creator
• Reincarnation
Hindu Families
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•
•
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Family center of society/security
Obedience to elders
Respect for ancient customs
Wives/husbandstraditional
roles
• Widows: sati (suttee)
China—Shang Dynasty
• Great artisans
• Powerful army
• Collect tribute from
neighbors
• Farmers-grain & SILK
• Written language
• Small upper class
– King—high priest—
DIVINE RIGHT-- Oracle
spirits
• Large lower class
China—Zhou Dynasty
• Tired of paying tribute to Shangs
• Overthrew Shang:
• Rationale—if Shangs were better rulers,
then couldn’t have been overthrown
• Zhou given MANDATE OF HEAVEN
• Kept rituals “pure”
• Citizens important
• Rulers for good of the people—trustees
of the spirits
China—Zhou Dynasty
• Emperor’s title: Son of Heaven
• 900 years—longest dynasty in
China’s history
• Too big  feudalism
• Oath of loyalty to help each other in
times of troubles
FEUDALISM
• A political system in which nobles
or lords are granted the use of
lands that legally belong to the king
(or emperor). In return, the nobles
owe loyalty and military service to
the king and protection to the
people who live on their estates.
– Local lords more powerful
– Emperor’s power decreased
Accomplishments
• Technology: iron plows, weapons,
canals for shipping, irrigation
• Trade: coins, merchantswealthy &
influential
• Use of horses—is this really important?
• Government by bureaucrats
– Trained public officials to handle daily stuff
• Scholars/teachers—advise rulers on
correct behavior & political manners
• writers
• Confucius
• Not a religion
• “I stand in awe of the
spirits, but keep them
at a distance.”
• Ethics
• How to treat your
fellow man?
• Teacher, consultant,
counselor, philosopher
• 5 Basic Relationships
(transparency 6)
K’ung Fu-tzu
Chinese Family
• Family is more
important than the
individual
• A well-run family
ensures a well-run
government
• ♂superior to ♀
• Sons more valuable
than daughters
• Filial piety—ancestor
worship
• Old agerespect &
leisure
• GREATEST SIN:
Causes
Development of
agriculture
Key Development
Growth of village life
8000-3000 BC
Domestication of
animals
What were the effects
of the development of
agriculture and the
domestication of
animals?
Specialization of skills
How many years ago
was 8000 BC?
Beginning of civilization
Effects
Private property
New technology—sources of
power, invention, networking