Transcript CHINA - Erie City School District

CHINA
By: Chris Griffith & John Boyko
About China
• China is a tight knit society with strong values
and beliefs
• The Chinese are an innovative people who
brought about many crucial technologies
• China is one of the oldest, continuous societies
• Over time it increased in size by conquering the
surrounding lands
Zhou Dynasty
1027-256 BCE
Qin Dynasty
221 - 207 BCE
Han Dynasty
206 BCE 220 CE
Government
You can see this chart
more clearly at
http://regentsprep.org/
Regents/global/themes/
goldenages/china.cfm
• Classical China had a monarchal system with
families of kings called dynasties
• These dynasties flowed in a circular pattern
known as a dynasty cycle
• In a dynastic cycle, a new dynasty starts when a
new ruler overtakes the old one
Zhou (1027-256 BCE)
• The Zhou government was a feudal monarchy
with many vassals, or rulers of portions of land
who served the king
• The Zhou conquered additional land know as the
“Middle Kingdom”
• The Zhou came up with the idea of a “Mandate
from Heaven”, which they and all future
dynasties used to justify their rule
• Zhou Dynasty was a time of great philosophical
advancement
• One Great Philosopher of the Zhou dynasty was
Confucius or Master K’ung
– His teachings are the main focus of Confucianism
• The latter part of the Zhou Dynasty is divided
into the Spring and Autumn Period and the
Warring States Period
Qin (221-207 BCE)
This was the Great Wall
of China during the Qin
dynasty
• The Qin Dynasty ended the Warring States
Period by conquering all the other states
• This was the first time China was organized into
one body
• The Qin had a Legalist government, which
meant they followed rules strictly, that was run
by an Emperor (Shi huangdi)
• They imposed high taxes and mandatory public
works
• Each of the commanderies had a civil governor,
a military commander, and an imperial inspector,
and they reported to the emperor
• The commanderies were divided into smaller
units known as counties
• The Qin built the first Great Wall of China, which
was expanded and improved by later dynasties
MAP OF THE GREAT WALL
GREAT WALL OF CHINA!
• Great Wall of China around 2,200 years ago in order
to keep out the barbarian (The Huns) invasions.
• The Great Wall was made of bricks and plaster; it is
about 25 feet high, up to 30 feet wide and 1500 miles
long and connected from Lintao through the Yellow
River to the Liaodong Peninsula
• It was stationed on the edges of mountains to prevent
attacks.
• The emperor’s soldiers and generals forced about
1,000,000 people from their homes to work on the
Great Wall of China. Alexander, 4th Grade
• Qin Dynasty collapses in 210 BC due to revolts,
taxes, cruel policies, yet the wall remains to this day.
The Great Wall of China was built to
keep the Mongols out.
Many died building it, and their
bodies were used as filler for it.
View from space!
Primary Source
• Shi Huangdi built a monument with the following
inscription:
“A new age is inaugurated by the Emperor;
Rule and measures are rectified,
The myriad things set in order…
And there is harmony between fathers and sons
The Emperor in his sagacity, benevolence and justice
He made all laws and principles manifest.”
Sima Qian, quoted in Records of the Historian
What philosophy influenced Sima Qian?
X’ian combines old
& new China. The
name means
western capital.
Old X’ian city wall . This is where the Silk
Road caravans started.
Soldier of Shi Huangdi
• This terra-cotta soldier is
one of more than 8,000
that stand guard inside
the tomb of Emperor Shi
Huangdi. A farmer
uncovered the tomb in
1974 while digging a well.
• How does the figure
symbolize the power and
authority of Shi Huangdi?
Three pits were discovered and
each contained some Terra Cotta
soldiers. The soldiers are life size.
Their clothing and hair styles help
us understand social class
divisions in Qin China. A topknot
indicates an officer. There are over
7,000 soldiers in total.
Life size horses of Terra Cotta
Honor Guards
The clay entrance ramp still has
some workers footprints in it.
An honor guard formation
¾ size Bronze chariot
¾ size Bronze horses
Officers in
front probably
in a formation
as if the
Emperor was
reviewing
them.
Pit 1= 16,000 square meters
172,222.6 square feet
The well at the
right is how the
army was
discovered. In this
pit were 6,000
soldiers in many
small pieces.
Three farmers digging a well
discovered these terra cotta figures
below ground. They called in
Chinese archaeologists who
quickly uncovered the army and
realized what this find meant.
Legends had talked about it but
everyone assumed it was just a
story until 1974.
Today the surviving farmers are
employed by the museum. In the
summer, they sign autographs for
tourists. They were only paid $500
for their land by the Chinese
government so these jobs are also
compensation for the finders for
their honesty in reporting the find.
This is what the soldiers look like when they
were discovered.
Qin battle
formation
Notice the broken
soldiers at the top.
This is how they
look when first
uncovered. They
must be put back
together piece by
piece.
An officer and horses
Broken soldiers
Soldiers being reassembled
Soldiers with
bundles of
possible missing
pieces behind
them.
The reconstruction
process- soldiers
must be put back
together and refired.
This pit is
HUGE !
Terra-Cotta Soldiers
Aim: What legacy did the Qin
dynasty leave on Chinese history?
Han (206 BCE – 220 CE)
• The Han kept most of the governmental
practices of the Qin, but added Confucian beliefs
to their rule
• The Han dynasty was a period of large
expansion by military force
• This expansion move China’s boundaries toward
inner Asia, this created the opportunity for the
Silk Road to develop
• Under the Han rule, education became very
important and many important history books,
textbooks and encyclopedias were written
• During the Han many of China’s important
technologies were invented
• Crop rotation was developed and practiced from
85 BCE onwards
A bronze
horse from
the Han
dynasty
This jade
carving was
a pendant
from the
Zhou
dynasty
Art and Culture
• Chinese art had many impressive forms,
including:
–
–
–
–
Ornate carvings in jade, ivory, and wood
Amazing bronze workings
Spectacular temples
Elaborate works of silk
• Most Chinese art deals with the beauty of the
natural world
• China had its own rich culture which was spread
and enhanced by the Silk Road
– The Silk Road stretched from China to the
Mediterranean through India and Mesopotamia
– This trade route brought many other societies’
culture into China and the Chinese culture
throughout the ancient world
Social System
• The social hierarchy in China consisted of three
levels, gentry, peasants, and merchants
• Along with this hierarchy was the idea that men
held a higher status than women
Yin Yang a
Daoist symbol
of the harmony
of opposites
An important
symbol of
Confucianism
Religion/Philosophy
• Classical China did not have a unified belief
system
• Two major philosophies in China were
Confucianism and Daoism
• Confucianism was a school of though based on
the teachings of Confucius
– It taught people to act in accordance with the five
major relationships, 4 of which dealt with a
superior and a subject, and respectful
subservience
• Daoism was a more spiritual philosophy based
on the idea of the “Dao” or “way”
– It taught specific ways to follow the “Dao” and
ultimately become one with the “Dao”
• Along with these most Chinese practice
ancestral worship
Economics
• The main source of income was agriculture
• Most farming was of wheat, barley, millet, rice
and beans
• There was a large economic gap between the
wealthy bureaucrats and the peasant farmers
• Most of China’s population worked as peasant
farmers
• The next largest group were merchants who sold
goods domestically throughout China
• Another source of economic gain was the trade
China had with other countries along the Silk
Road
This is a chart
of where the
Chinese
would place
the needles
when
performing
acupuncture
Science
• Chinese science dealt with a wide range of
subjects including astronomy, chemistry, botany,
and zoology
• The Chinese were advanced in astronomy and
created a lunar calendar and clocks based on
astronomical movements
• Important technologies: the first books made of
wood or bamboo, paper made from wood pulp,
the rudder for use on ships, the fishing reel, and
the wheelbarrow
• In the field of medicine, physicians developed
acupuncture and made use of certain plants as
herbal remedies
Works Cited
Stearns, Peter, Michael Adas, Stuart Schwartz, and Marc Gilbert. World
Civilizations: The Global Experience . AP Edition DBQ Update Fourth
Edition. Pearson Education, 2006. Print.
"Dynastic China." Regents Prep. 2009. Web. 28 Sep 2009.
<http://regentsprep.org/Regents/global/themes/goldenages/china.cfm>.
"Chapter 2: Classical Civilization: China." Pearson Education. 2008. Pearson
Longman, Web. 28 Sep 2009.
<http://wps.ablongman.com/long_stearns_wcap_4/18/4646/1189489.cw/inde
x.html>.
"Map of Ancient China." China Highlights. 2007. Web. 30 Sep 2009.
<http://www.chinahighlights.com/map/ancient-china-map/>.
"Religious symbols." Wikimedia Commons. 02 May 2009. Web. 30 Sep 2009.
<http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Religious_symbols>.
"Qin Dynasty." Minnesota State University Mankato. 2002. Web. 30 Sep 2009.
<http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/china/early_imperial_china/qin.ht
ml>.
“Zhou Dynasty." Minnesota State University Mankato. 2002. Web. 30 Sep 2009.
<http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/china/ancient_china/zhou.html>.
“Han Dynasty." Minnesota State University Mankato. 2002. Web. 30 Sep 2009.
<http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/china/early_imperial_china/han.
html>.
"Acupuncture." Hazel Priestley Acupuncture. 2008. Web. 30 Sep 2009.
<http://hazelacupuncture.co.uk/acupuncture.html>.
"Clothing and Ornaments ." Cultural China. 2007. Web. 30 Sep 2009.
<http://traditions.cultural-china.com/en/15T1477T2337.html>.
"Ancient China." Buzzle. 2009. Web. 30 Sep 2009.
<http://www.buzzle.com/articles/ancient-china.html>.
Groupings & DBQ’s
•
•
•
•
•
Count off by 2’s
1’s on the Right side 2’s on the left side
Identify a recorder.
Take off one shoe place them in a pile.
NOW LIST HOW MANY DIFFERENTS
GROUPS YOU CAN COME UP WITH
BASED ON ALL YOUR SHOES. 10 MIN.
GO.
• TEAM THAT WINS WILL GET CANDY
DBQ CHART
• Based on the visual sources and what
you learned about Shi’s tomb complex
how would you characterize him as a
ruler and as a man. Students can
place them into 2 categories for
homework using the DBQ Chart.