Transcript 1-WEEK2-A.ppsx

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Dr. Richard Gautheir
B.Sc. M.I.T. in 1967 in physics
M.Sc. University of Illinois 1971 in physics
Ph.D. Stanford University 1977 in psychology
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Peace Corps in Ghana
Applied Psychologist
Computer information display design, Bell
Labs
Ecological Advisor, Poland
Yoga Psychology Teacher, Washington, DC
and throughout Europe,1981-96.
Physics Adjunct instructor (since 2006) and
SSU (since 2011).
Has ongoing theoretical research in Quantum
theory and Cosmology.
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Go to: http://www.phageinternational.com/
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We know that there are some bacteria
DIRECTLY beneficial to humans.
Are there viruses, similar to bacteria,
that DIRECTLY benefit humans?
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They are dead (or unconscious!).......................No
Engineered to attack bacteria or specific cell....No
Remember Phage?............................................YES
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Since ancient times, reports of river waters
having the ability to cure infectious diseases
have been documented, such as leprosy
In 1896, Ernest Hanbury Hankin reported that
something in the waters of the Ganges and
Yamuna rivers in India had marked
antibacterial action against cholera and could
pass through a very fine porcelain filter.
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FDA and USDA have approved ListShield as a
food additive to target and kill Listeria
monocytogenes.
Also used for for treating ready-to-eat (RTE)
poultry and meat products.
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The winner is….
 “I
am not afraid of an army
of lions led by a sheep, I am
afraid of an army of sheep
led by a lion”
― Alexander the great
 Last
week we covered several
Billion years in 2 hours
 We will slow down this week
 We will cover only several
million years!
Pre-historic and Ancient (Up to 500 AD)
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It used to be “Oldowan” stone tools around
2.6 million years ago.
More than 3 million years ago
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Fossilized bones scarred by hack
marks reveal that our human
ancestors were using stone tools and
eating meat from large mammals
nearly a million years earlier than
previously thought.
From: http://news.discovery.com/history/early-human-tool-use.html
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According to a new study that pushes
back both of these human activities to
roughly 3.4 million years ago.
From: http://news.discovery.com/history/early-human-tool-use.html
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Animal horns
Plants thorn
Bird’s beak
 Human
ancestors were
using stone-tipped spears
to hunt 500,000 years
ago, 200,000 years earlier
than previously thought.
 Creating
a stone-tipped
spear would have required
attaching stone to wood
 handling multiple types of material at
once
 planning
 goal-oriented behavior.
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 The
stone tips were found at an
archaeological site called Kathu
Pan 1 in the 1980s. In 2010, the
tips were dated.
By SINDYA N. BHANOO, Published: November 19, 2012, NYTimes.
Bows and Arrow
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scientists unearthed 64,000
year-old "stone points", which
they say were probably arrow
heads.
Bows and Arrow
 Closer inspection of the
ancient weapons revealed
remnants of blood and bone
that provided clues about how
they were used.
Bows and Arrow
 The
shape of the geometric
pieces indicated where it had
been impacted and damaged,
and how they were hafted.
Bows and Arrow
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This showed that the pieces
were very likely to have been
the tips of projectiles – rather
than sharp points on the end
of hand-held spears,”
Bows and Arrow
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The arrow heads also contained traces of glue
- plant-based resin that the scientists think
was used to fasten them onto a wooden or
reed shaft.
Dr Marlize Lombard, a researcher and lecturer in
Anthropology at the University of Johannesburg (UJ).
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oldest sword-like
weapons are found at
Arslantepe, Turkey, and
date to around 3300 BC.
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it is generally
considered that these are
longer daggers, and not
the first ancestors of
swords.
 Sword
blades longer than 60 cm
(24 in) were rare and not practical
until the late Bronze Age
 At longer lengths, the tensile
strength of bronze starts to
decrease radically, and
consequently longer blades would
bend easily.
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was not until the development
of stronger alloys such as steel,
and improved heat treatment
processes that long swords
became practical for combat.
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“iron” swards were hardened
by cold working, same as bronze
age swards.
 Later on, with the advancement of
blacksmithery, Carburization was
employed in sword making.
Damascus Sward
 created from wootz
steel, a steel developed
in India around 300
BC.
 Traces of nanowire and
carbon nanotube were
found. (2006 report)
Sword of Goujian (about 2700 years old)
 The body of the blade is mainly made of
copper, making it more pliant and less
likely to shatter
 The edges have more tin content,
making them harder and capable of
retaining a sharper edge
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Hallstatt (900 BC)
Made from bronze or iron.
The power to deliver the slashing blow
(heavy blades, thick necks), with no
attempt to preserve the power of
thrusting (blunt, triangular points)
Roman sword (or Gladius)
 3rd century BC
 Blade strength was
achieved by welding
together strips, in which
case the sword had a
channel down the center.
 The owner's name was
often engraved or punched
on the blade.
Scimitar Swards (middle east)
9th century AD
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Samurai (Katana) Swards (Japanese)
10th century AD
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 Please
answer: True or False?
 The “blood groove” (or fuller)
is on a sword to release
pressure in the wound and
allow the sword to come back
out
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Catapult Invented by Greeks (400
BC)
First trebuchets were used in
China around 300 BC.
Their use continued up to the
Middle Ages.
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Both Catapult and
Trebuchet mechanism is
based on Shadoufs (3000
BC by Egyptians).
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We use it today in cranes
and elevator
(counterweight)
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Stones
Sharp wooden poles and darts
Fire
Casks of Burning Tar
Burning Sand ( this became trapped inside armor )
Pots of Greek Fire
Dung
Dead, sometime mutilated, bodies
Disease ridden bodies
Body parts
Dead animals
Any rotting matter
Quicklime
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FROM: http://www.middle-ages.org.uk/trebuchet.htm
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 Primm
Solar Thermal Project
 Ivanpah plant,
 Company: BrightSource Energy
 377-megawatt power