Transcript File - Ms. Jones History Class

General Info
-Autopsy
-Augustus Speech
[not used]
Caesar Did It
-Plutarch Page
-Burjstan Vid
-Gladiator Testimony
-Various Warnings
-Caesar’s Will [not
used]
Jealous Senators
-Cassius Speech
-Newspaper clipping
Justified Senators
-Tomb Grafitti
-Coins
-Crossing the
Rubicon [not used]
Agent:
Exhibit A: Ancient Newspaper Article
Report Filed On:
Exhibit B: Ancient Artifacts
1.Which group loved Caesar?
1.What does the coin say on it and what does it mean?
2.What two reasons did they love him?
2. What is carved on the tomb? What does it mean?
3.Why might this upset the senators?
3. Why might Brutus have felt pressured to stop Caesar?
Exhibit C: The Twelve Caesars by Plutarch
1.What did Caesar do that insulted the senators?
Exhibit D: Autopsy report
1.What does the autopsy tell us about the number
and skill of the attackers?
2.What excuse did he give?
2.How many attackers do you think there were?
Why?
3.What does Plutarch say about the excuse?
Exhibit E: Statement by Caesar’s Bodyguard
Exhibit F: Recording of Senator Cassius
1.Why does Tyrannus think Caesar fired him?
1.Why does Cassius believe Caesar is no better than
him?
2.What did Tyrannus hear from the other guard?
2.Does Cassius seem angry enough to murder Caesar?
Why or why not?
Exhibit G: Various Warnings
Exhibit H: Dr. Burzstajn Interview
1.If you had received these same warnings what would
you do?
1.What does Dr. Burzstajn think about the note in
Caesar’s hand?
2.Do these warnings seem believable to you? Why or
why not?
2.Why does Dr. Burzstajn think Caesar may have
wanted to die this way?
(Complete this only after reviewing all the exhibits.)
INDICTMENT
THE GRAND JURY CHARGES THAT:
DEFENDANT __________________________________
(Write who you believe committed the crime.)
IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE CRIME OF _______________________
________________________________________________________.
WE OFFER THE FOLLOWING EVIDENCE:
(What stations prove your argument? What do they show?
Exhibit _____ shows
Exhibit _____ shows
Exhibit _____ shows
COLD CASE FILES
CRIME REPORT
16 March, 44 BC
On March 15, 44 B.C. Gaius Julius Caesar died of multiple stab
wounds to the chest. There were many witnesses to the attack but
few concrete details could be worked out. We know there were
many senators involved in the attack but all fled the scene. The
exact motivation and number of attackers is still unknown.
There are three options to consider:
- The senators assassinated Caesar due to jealousy of his fame.
- The senators assassinated Caesar because they thought he was
destroying Rome by making himself emperor.
- Caesar allowed the assassination to happen because he wanted
to die a memorable and heroic death.
This case remains unsolved.
THE ROMAN RECORD
THURSDAY, NOV. 17, 43 BC
CAESAR OUR HERO
FOR SA
Licinius Gaxus
Rome Correspondant
ROME- A recent poll put
Julius Caesar’s approval
rating among the lower
class at an incredible 82%.
Analysis
of the poll
shows two main reasons
why the people love him
so much.
First, unsurprisingly, is
that Caesar gave many in
the lower class money
after a recent war. Senator
Cassius remarked “This is
an obvious case of bribery.
He wants their support so
he paid them off.” His
arguments clearly did not
matter to the lower class.
Secondly, Caesar’s incredible war
record over the barbarians has
brought peace and safety that
Rome hasn’t seen in decades.
“Without the attacks we can finally
work in peace” said one local
merchant.
Cont.on B-4
ANNUAL GAMES
CALLED SUCCESS
Socratian Pompus
Sports Desk
In a surprise, the winner of this year’s
gladiatorial games was none other
than disgraced former general
Commodus. Commodus shocked his
opponents with incredible sword
skills and a desire to win unmatched
in the arena. “I had something to
prove” Commodus later said. “I did
One lightly us
chariot. Never
used in battle
Only used for
training. Don’t
miss out on th
chance to join
on the latest
craze.
Contact Jacin
Tacitus for pri
information an
for further det
Caesar was very popular among the poor but many in Rome did not want a return to
rule by one man. Caesar made coins with his image and the words “dictator for life”
printed on them. No living leader had ever been put on a Roman coin. Many felt this
action proved he planned to one day rule as king.
Roman legend says that 600 years before Caesar a distant ancestor of Senator Brutus (a
close friend of Caesar’s) killed off Rome’s last king leading to the beginning of the
republic. This legend was still on the mind’s of the people as Caesar rose in power. This
man’s tomb was covered with graffiti as well but not praising Caesar. Instead, this
graffiti demanded that Brutus follow his ancestor and kill Caesar. The Latin phrase
“SERVO RES PUBLICA” (Save the republic) was carved into the walls of the tomb in
multiple places as seen above. It appears many people, not just a few jealous senators,
wanted Caesar removed from power.
HE MOST OPEN AND DEADLY HATRED
towards Caesar was produced by his desire for royal
power. For most Senators this was a first cause of
hatred, and for those who had long hidden their hate, a
Useful excuse for it. Once, after returning from battle the Senators
attempted to honor Caesar with a gift. He would not even stand up to
receive it. His refusal to stand for the Senate led to great
controversy. Caesar was suffering from a type of mental illness and
when he realized how he had offended them he stood up, drew back
his toga to show his neck and yelled “kill me now, I won’t resist!”
But afterwards he made his disease an excuse for his behavior,
saying that those with his mental illness do not usually remain
steady when they stand and speak to many people and that he would
be greatly embarrassed if that happened. However, what he said was
not true; actually he was very much wanted to rise to receive the
senate; but one of his friends, as they say, or rather one of his
flatterers, Cornelius Balbus, stopped him, saying: "Remember that
you are Caesar, and you should be seen as their superior.
The Twelve Caesars
by Plutarch
P. 247
ιο ανοιχτή και θανατηφόρα μίσος απέναντί
του έχει παραχθεί από το πάθος του για τη βασιλική εξουσία.
Για την πληθώρα αυτή ήταν μια πρώτη αιτία του μίσους, αλλά
και για όσους είχαν πνιγμένα καιρό το μίσος τους, μια πιο τρελά
για αυτό. Ωστόσο, ως Καίσαρας ερχόταν κάτω από το στην πόλη που τόλμησε
να φωνάξει αυτόν ως βασιλιά. Αλλά σε αυτό τον λαό ήταν κατέρριψε, και
Καίσαρα, διαταραχές στο μυαλό, δήλωσε ότι το όνομά του δεν ήταν βασιλιάς,
αλλά Καίσαρα, και βλέποντας ότι τα λόγια του, εκπόνησε μια καθολική σιωπή,
πέρασε σχετικά με όχι πολύ χαρούμενα ή ευχαριστημένος βλέμματα. Επιπλέον,
μετά από εξωφρενικές τιμές του είχε ψηφίσει η γερουσία δεν είχε δημιουργήσει
για την υποδοχή τους, αλλά σαν να επρόκειτο για απλή ιδιώτες, απάντησε ότι
τιμά του έπρεπε να συρρικνωμένο και όχι διευρυμένη. Αυτό όχι μόνο επίμαχο
ζήτημα της Συγκλήτου, αλλά και οι άνθρωποι, οι οποίοι θεώρησαν ότι δεν είναι
μόνο οι γερουσιαστές, αλλά η κατάσταση ήταν προσβεβλημένος, και μια
τρομερή κατήφεια πήγαν μακριά ταυτόχρονα, όλους εκείνους που δεν ήταν
υποχρεωμένοι να παραμείνουν, ότι Καίσαρα πάρα πολύ, όταν ήταν ενήμερη για
το λάθος του, αμέσως στράφηκαν για να πάει στο σπίτι, καθώς και την
κατάρτιση πλάτη τήβεννος του από το λαιμό του, φώναξε δυνατά σε τόνους
στους φίλους του ότι ήταν έτοιμος να προσφέρει το λαιμό του σε όποιον ήθελε
να τον σκοτώσει. Αλλά στη συνέχεια έκανε την ασθένειά του μια δικαιολογία
για τη συμπεριφορά του, λέγοντας ότι οι αισθήσεις όσων είναι ως εκ τούτου
πλήττονται συνήθως δεν παραμένουν σταθερές, όταν η διεύθυνση μιας μόνιμης
πλήθος, αλλά γρήγορα ανακινείται και περιστρεφόμενων περίπου, φέρνοντας
σε ίλιγγος και αναισθησία. Ωστόσο, αυτό που είπε δεν ήταν αλήθεια?
Αντιθέτως, ήταν πολύ επιθυμώντας να αυξάνεται για να λαμβάνετε τις
γερουσία? Αλλά ένας από τους φίλους του, όπως λένε, ή μάλλον ένας από τους
κόλακες του, Κορνήλιος Balbus, τον συγκρατημένη, λέγοντας: " Να θυμάστε
ότι εσύ τέχνη Καίσαρα, και να επιτρέψουν σεαυτον να φλερτάρει ως ανώτερο.
"
Do Now – September 9,
2015
• If you were given the chance,
would you rather be an
emperor or a president? Why?
Office of the Medical Examiner
XXII Romulus Road
Rome, Roman Republic
REPORT OF INVESTIGATION BY THE MEDICAL EXAMINER
NAME: Gaius Julius Caesar
CAUSE OF DEATH:
(mark one only)
SEX: male
AGE: 55
x violent
sudden
suicide
suspicious, unusual or unnatural
Investigating Agency: FBI (unsolved crimes division)
Figure 1 shows a mapping of the 23 puncture
wounds found on the body of the victim in what I
believe is the order of infliction. The random
placement of the wounds indicates many attackers
crowded around the victim. Of the 23 wounds only
wound two would have been fatal as it punctured
the victim’s heart. This indicates the attackers were
likely not experienced.
Multiple wounds to the back indicate multiple
attackers surrounding the victim for a simultaneous
attack. It may also indicate that some wounds were
inflicted while the victim lay on the ground.
The victim would have died quickly but not
instantly. It is very possible he could have gotten off
a few last words before death.
Figure 1
PROBABLE CAUSE OF DEATH
Blood loss from a direct puncture
wound to the heart.
MANNER OF DEATH
natural
accident
suicide x homicide
unknown
I hereby declare that after receiving notice of the death described above I took possession of the
body and made inquiries regarding the cause of death in accordance with Section 28-654038.
Date: ______________
Signature: ___________________
Transcript of secret recording of Senator Cassius
3 January, 44 B.C.
[Cassius first explains his argument is about honor. Some in Rome have claimed Caesar to be
a god and Cassius finds this insulting as he feels he is just as good a man as Caesar.]
Well, honor is the subject of my story. I cannot tell what you and other men think of this life; but,
for my single self, I had as lief not be as live to be in awe of such a thing as I myself. I was born
free as Caesar; so were you: we both have fed as well, and we can both endure the winter's cold
as well as he.
[Cassius will now describe an event which he feels proves Caesar’s humanity by showing he
was once saved by Cassius.]
For once, upon a raw and gusty day, the troubled Tiber chafing with her shores, Caesar said to
me 'darest thou, Cassius, now leap in with me into this angry flood, and swim to yonder point?'
Upon the word, accoutered as I was, I plunged in and bade him follow; so indeed he did. The
torrent roared, and we did buffet it with lusty sinews, throwing it aside and stemming it with
hearts of controversy; but ere we could arrive the point proposed, Caesar cried 'Help me, Cassius,
or I sink!' I, as Aeneas, our great ancestor, did from the flames of Troy upon his shoulder the old
Anchises bear, so from the waves of Tiber did I the tired Caesar.
[Cassius continues his frustration, clearly angry about Caesar’s status as a living god and his
own, powerless, status. He gives another example of Caesar’s weakness here.]
And this man is now become a god, and Cassius is a wretched creature and must bend his body,
if Caesar carelessly but nod on him. He had a fever when he was in Spain, and when the fit was
on him, I did mark how he did shake: 'tis true, this god did shake; his coward lips did from their
color fly, and that same eye whose bend doth awe the world did lose his luster. I did hear him
groan: ay, and that tongue of his that bade the Romans mark him and write his speeches in their
books, alas, it cried 'Give me some drink, Titinius,' as a sick girl.
[After a number of insults Cassius makes his final statement that he is shocked Caesar has
been given this power.]
Ye gods, it doth amaze me a man of such a feeble temper should so get the start of the majestic
world and bear the palm alone.
Caesar was warned repeatedly about a possible attack.
He in fact delayed his visit to the Senate many times
because of it. Here are two of the warnings.
Warning from Calpurnia, Caesar’s Wife
“My Lord! I have had a terrible nightmare! I saw myself
holding your bloody body crying. Please, I beg of you, stay
home. Tell them you are sick. Do not go to the Senate
today!”
Warning from Spurina, Fortune-Teller
“The oracles tell of blood on this day, the Ides of March.
Caesar, you must be careful.”
He ignored them and went. That very day he was given a
note giving specific details about the attack.
Note found in Caesar’s Hand after the Assassination
Translation
15 March
Great Caesar,
My lord, you must not attend the meeting at the senate
today. I have heard of a great conspiracy among the
senators to take your very life. While I do not know the
names of those involved I know there are many. If you go
to the senate today as planned you will surely be
murdered. There are men in the senate who are jealous of
your power my lord and will do anything to stop you
from taking your rightful place as ruler. Please, do not go
to the senate today.
AO94 – Statement of Defense
Court of Rome
Republic of Rome vs. Senator Cassius
Case Number: 12
Witness statement given by Tyrannus, one of Caesar’s bodyguards
“Three days before the assassination Caesar fired me
along with all of his other bodyguards. He told us
he would be traveling on his own. We insisted that
he keep us around to protect him. I don’t know what
he was thinking. Maybe he was beginning to believe
that he truly was a god and nobody could hurt him
anyway or maybe he was just simply tired of being
followed all the time. This was especially strange
based on the threats that we heard from Cassius.
One of the other guards told me he heard Caesar say
that he didn’t want to live any more because of his
sickness. I don’t know if this is true or not but
either way it seems very odd. For days he had
delayed his visit to the Senate due to all the
warnings. And yet, only three days before he does go
he gives up his protection?”
SWORN TO before me this 18th day of March, 44 B.C.
Roman District Judge
6th Senate
4th Session
IN THE SENATE
Some random bc date
The following laws were accepted regarding the Roman Army:
“Be it enacted that the following shall apply to all generals in the
Roman army into the future.
I. All men shall serve involuntary terms of no more than
twenty years.
II. No general may lead his army beyond the river
Rubicon and into the lands of Italy.
i. Any general who leads his troops beyond the
river shall be considered a traitor against
the Republic.
ii. Soldiers who are led across the Rubicon are
not bound to the commands of their general,
instead they are bound to the commands of
Roman law.
III. Any soldier guilty of desertion will have his entire unit
subject to decimation in addition to the regular penalty of
death.”
Indictment/Exit Ticket
Now that you have seen all the
evidence write an indictment.
Did the senators do the right
thing by assassinating Caesar?
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
Investigator:
Date filed:
INDICTMENT
THE GRAND JURY CHARGES THAT:
DEFENDANT __________________________________
(Write the name of who you believe committed the crime.)
IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE CRIME OF _______________________
________________________________________________________.
WE OFFER THE FOLLOWING EVIDENCE:
(What stations prove your argument? What do they show?
Exhibit _____ shows
Exhibit _____ shows
Exhibit _____ shows
.
Vocabulary
Tyrant – a ruler who has total
power and acts brutally
Republic – A government ruled
by a group of officials like the
United States.
Dictator – a ruler appointed by
the senate with total power in
emergency