Transcript populares
C. IVLIVS CAESAR 100 - 44 BC Birth : 100BC • born in Rome on July 12 or 13, 100BC • only son of L. Iulius Caesar & Aurelia – father died 85BC • epileptic • Gens Iulia – patrician – not rich • Suburra residence – not particularly influential • by 100BC patrician status no longer provided political advantage – Aunt Julia married to C. Marius (novus homo) populares v. optimates – Populares • a faction of the aristocracy • inclined toward getting legislation ratified directly through the popular assemblies • favored extension of citizenship – Optimates QuickTime™ and a • a faction of the aristocracy TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. • believed everything should be ratified in the Senate • viewed the populares as revolutionaries – opposed novi homines » esp. successful military generals like Marius Roman Citizen Classes • • • • Patrician Senatorial (Plebeian) Equites (Plebeian) Property Owners (Plebeian) • Capite Censi (Plebeian) Money Property Requirements QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Q uickTim e™ and a TI FF ( Uncom pr essed) decom pr essor ar e needed t o see t his pic t ur e. • • • • ≈ 16 asses = 4 ƒ = 1 denarius ƒ1,000,000 for Senatorial ƒ400,000 for Equites ƒ3,000 for 4th class QuickTi me™ a nd a TIFF (Uncompre ssed ) decomp resso r are need ed to se e th is p icture. populares v. optimates • C. Marius – finished Jugurthine war in N. Africa (104) – defeated Germanic Teutones (102) and Cimbri (101) – helped put down revolt of Saturninus (99) • 6th consulship • Loss of influence • Caesar’s father elected praetor (92) • Social Wars (91-88) • L. Cornelius Sulla – – – – elected consul 88BC command of Mithradatic War marched on Rome 83 returns to Rome after war’s conclusion Early Life 83 nominated for Flamen Dialis breaks long standing engagement to Cossutia (wealthy equestrian) marries Cornelia, daughter of Cinna (patrician) 82 proscribed by Sulla Stripped of inheritance, wife’s dowry, priesthood Refused to divorce Cornelia went into hiding family intercession gained pardon military service in Asia Early Career 81-79 Bithynia 78 Returns to Rome Distinguishes himself as an orator in law courts 75 Rhodes for oratorical/philosophical training Kidnapped by Pirates 73 Asia Minor (Lucullus) 69 Laudatio for Aunt Julia Cornelia dies quaestor Spain (Andalusia) Gades statue of Alexander Cisalpine route home Rising Star • 67 marries Pompeia • 65 curule aedile • supported Lex Gabinia & Lex Manilia • Lavish public games • Restored statues of Marius to forum • 63 Catilinarian conspiracy (popularis) pontifex maximus • Deeply in debt • 62 praetor • Bona Dea incident • 61 Governorship of Hispania Ulterior • successful campaign • voted triumph by Senate • standing for consulship in absentia blocked by Cato Triumvirate- 60 BC • Pompey • Crassus • Caesar Consulship • 59 Caesar consul – Land reform – Provincial governor misconduct – Pompey marries Julia – Caesar marries Calpurnia Conquest of Gaul • 58 governor of Cisalpine Gaul & Illyria – 5 year command • Transalpine Gaul added after sudden death of gov-desg QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. – – – – – 58 BC Helvetii defeated (Switzerland) 57 BC Belgae & Nervii 56 BC Veneti 55 and 54 BC expeditions to Britain 52 BC Battle of Alesia • defeated union of Gauls led by Vercingetorix – whole campaign resulted in 800 conquered cities, 300 subdued tribes, one million men sold to slavery and another three million dead in battle fields. Commentarii de Bello Gallico • his own accounts of campaigns – 7 books • written at the end of each year • sent to the Senate in Rome • B.G.vi account of 53BC • polished, clear Latin – simple and elegant style – 3rd person narrative • not history, but raw material for history Crisis • 55 Pompey & Crassus consuls – Command in Gaul extended 5 more years • 54 Deaths of Julia & Aurelia • 53 Parthian expedition • 49 Senate votes to rescind command – Caesar crossing the Rubicon marches on Rome Civil War • 48 Pharsalus • 48-7 Alexandria • Cleopatra • • • 47 Zela veni vidi vici 46 Thapsus 45 Munda Dictator Perpetuus • 46 returns to Rome – Reforms • • • • • • • • Colonization Census Corn Citizenship Calendar Enlarged Senate Debt reform Public works • 44 Ides of March