Transcript World I SOL Review Part1

World I SOL Review
1. Hunter-gatherers:
• Early man whose
survival depended on
hunting meat and
gathering plants for
food.
2. Abraham:
• Founder of Judaism;
• made a “covenant”
with Yahweh
3. Moses
• Led the Hebrews out of
slavery in Egypt;
• received the 10
Commandments from
Yahweh
4. Siddhartha Gautama
• Founded Buddhism;
• “the Buddha”;
• taught the 4 noble
Truths (enlightenment,
nirvana)
5. Asoka
• Indian ruler who
converted to Buddhism.
• Sent missionaries to
China and Southeast
Asia to spread
Buddhism.
6. Qin Shi Huangdi:
• First Emperor of China;
• United China and built
the Great Wall to
protect China from
northern invaders.
7. Draco:
• Greek statesman who
encouraged trade and
who allowed all citizens
to participate in political
debates.
• His reforms were a step
towards democracy in
Athens.
8. Solon:
• Greek statesman who
encouraged trade and
who allowed all citizens
to participate in political
debates.
• His reforms were a step
towards democracy in
Athens.
9. Pericles:
• Led Athens during its
Golden Age in the 400s
BC.
• He beautified Athens by
building the Parthenon
and he set up a direct
democracy.
Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides,
Aristophanes:
• Greek playwrites.
• The first three wrote
tragedies
• Aristophanes wrote
comedies.
• Sophocles wrote
Oedipus Rex.
11. Homer:
• Greek poet.
• Around 750 BC he
composed the epic
poems Iliad and
Odyssey.
12. Herodotus & Thucydides:
• Father of History who
wrote about the Persian
wars.
• Greek historian who
described the
Peloponnesian Wars.
• Both wrote primary
sources.
13. Phidias:
• Classical Greek sculptor
who made the Athena
at the Parthenon during
Athens's Golden Age.
14. Archimedes:
• Hellenistic scientist who
calculated pi.
15. Hippocrates:
• Father of medicine
• Hellenistic scientist
16. Euclid:
• Hellenistic
mathematician who
developed Euclidean
geometry
17: Pythagoras:
• Hellenistic
mathematician who
created a theorem
about right triangles.
(Pythagorean Theorem)
18: Socrates:
• Greek philosopher who
taught his students to
question everything.
• His question-answer
approach to teaching is
called the Socratic
Method and is used in
law and medical
schools.
19. Plato:
• Greek philosopher who
believed in a realm of
ideal forms.
• He wrote the Republic
which describes an
ideal society led by
educated philosopherkings.
20. Aristotle:
• Greek philosopher
whose ideas form the
basis of the scientific
method.
• He taught Alexander
the Great
21. Phillip II of Macedonia
• King of the region just
north of Greece.
• He conquered Greece in
the mid 300s BC.
22. Alexander the Great:
• In the early 300s BC, he
created an empire that
extended from
Macedonia/ Greece to
Egypt, Persia, and the
Indus River.
• A Hellenistic culture
developed from his
empire.
23. Patricians:
• Roman citizens who
were aristocrats.
24. Plebeians:
• Roman citizens who
were commoners
25. Hannibal:
• General from Carthage
who fought against
Rome in the Punic Wars
of the early 200s BC
26. Julius Caesar:
• Roman consul, general and
member of the First
Triumvirate who briefly
restored stability to the
Roman Republic.
• He conquered Gaul in 50
BC and became the
Dictator for life in 44BC.
• The Republic fell apart at
his death.
27. Augustus Caesar
• Heir to Julius Caesar.
• Member of the 2nd
Triumvirate who
defeated his rivals and
established the Roman
Empire.
• The Pax Romana began
with his reign in 27 BC
28. Marc Anthony:
• Member of the 2nd
Triumvirate who allied
with Cleopatra but lost
a civil war to Octavian
(Augustus).
29. Jesus of Nazareth:
• Founder of Christianity.
• Taught that he was the
son of God and
incarnation of God.
• Taught that there is an
afterlife.
• He was crucified around
30 AD.
30. Messiah:
• Person expected to
deliver the Jews
• Christians believe that
he is Jesus Christ
31. Apostles:
• The followers of Jesus
Christ who spread
Christianity to Jews and
Gentiles around the
Mediterranean.
32. Paul:
• Apostle and Roman
citizen who carried the
Christian gospel to
Rome.
33. Constantine:
• Roman Emperor who
moved the capital to
Byzantium on the Black
Sea in the early 300s
AD.
• He also legalized
Christianity.
34. Ptolemy:
• Scientist from
Alexandria, Egypt who
believed that the sun
revolves around the
Earth (Geocentric
theory).
35. Virgil:
• Roman poet who
celebrated Roman
culture and government
in his works.
• Wrote the Aeneid.
36. Justinian:
• Byzantine emperor who
ordered legal experts to
make a code of law for
the entire empire in the
500s AD.
• He recaptured North
Africa and Rome.
• He built the Hagia
Sophia.
37. Cyril and Methodius:
• Byzantine missionaries
who created the Cyrillic
alphabet which is used
in Russia today.
38. Mohammed:
• Prophet of Islam.
• Founder of Islam.
• Composed the Quran in
the 600s AD.
39. Allah:
• God of Islam
40. Yahweh:
• God of the Jews.
41. Charlemagne:
• Frankish King who became
Emperor of the Romans in
800 AD.
• He revived Roman
education, values, and
culture (Carolingian
Renaissance)
• He created a Christian
kingdom in France and
Germany.
• It was divided by the Treaty
of Verdun in 834 AD.
42. Angles & Saxons
• Germanic tribes that
ruled England until
1066 AD
43. Magyars:
• Settled the Danube
River Valley and created
the Kingdom of
Hungary.
44. Vikings:
• Germanic tribes from
Scandinavia who
conquered and settled
Kievan Russia, northern
France, and England in
the 800s AD (Rus,
Normans, and Danes)
45. William the Conqueror:
• Duke of Normandy who
conquered England
(Norman conquest) in
1066 AD.
• He brought feudalism
and French language
and culture to England.
46. Henry II:
• During his reign English
common law and the
concept of trial by jury
developed.
• He added much of
western France to his
kingdom by marrying
Eleanor of Aquitaine.
47. King John:
• (loser) English king who
was forced to sign the
Magna Carta which
guaranteed rights to the
British nobles and
limited the king’s
power.
48. Hugh Capet:
• Founded the Capetian
Dynasty in France.
• This dynasty would
make the French
monarchy more
powerful than its lords.
49. Philip Augustus:
• Increased the power of
the French monarchy
and added territory to
France by defeating the
armies of King John.
50. Joan of Arc
• French peasant who
rallied the French
troops to defeat the
English in the 100 Years
War.
51. Pope Urban II:
• Roman Catholic Pope
who started the First
Crusade against the
Seljuk Turks who
threatened
Constantinople.
52. Saladin:
• Turkish leader who took
Jerusalem from the
Christians and who
placed Palestine under
the control of the
Muslim Turks.
53. Ferdinand and Isabella:
• King and Queen of
Spain who unified Spain
by their marriage and
by expelling the
Muslims (Moors) from
Southern Spain.
54. Ivan III (the Great):
• Russian Tsar who
overthrew the Mongol
rule in Russia.