Transcript tecnologia - timeline Arquivo

A Evolução do Universo
1
O Calendário Cósmico
Carl Sagan em
Dragões do Éden
Cada mês
corresponde a
aproximadamente
um bilhão de anos.
2
Quantos segundos há em um ano?
– 365 x 24 x 60 x 60 = 31.536.000 segundos.
– No modelo: 1 segundo  500 anos.
– O último segundo da história do universo
condensada em um ano corresponde aos
últimos 500 anos da história da
humanidade.
– 10 segundos para pensar nisto...
3
1 de Janeiro: Big Bang!
1 de Março: nascimento da Via Láctea.
1 de Agosto: nascimento do Sistema Solar.
1 de Setembro: aparecimento da vida (unicelular) na Terra.
1 de Novembro: aparecimento da vida multicelular.
15 de Dezembro: Big Bang Biológico. A Explosão Câmbrica deu origem à diversidade de vida
que vemos actualmente.
18 de Dezembro: aparecimento das primeiras plantas.
21 de Dezembro: os primeiros insectos começam a dominar o mundo.
24 de Dezembro: aparecimento dos dinossauros.
25 de Dezembro: aparecimento dos mamíferos.
27 de Dezembro: aparecimento dos pássaros.
29 de Dezembro: um asteróide arrasa com o domínio dos dinossauros.
31 de Dezembro – 10 da manhã: aparecimento dos macacos.
31 de Dezembro – 21 horas: aparecimento dos hominídeos.
31 de Dezembro – 23h54m: aparecimento do homem moderno.
31 de Dezembro – 23h59m45s: invenção da escrita.
31 de Dezembro – 23h59m50s: as pirâmides são construídas no Egipto.
31 de Dezembro – 23h59m54s: nascimento de Cristo.
31 de Dezembro – 23h59m58s: Cruzadas!
31 de Dezembro – 23h59m59s: Pedro Álvares Cabral chega ao Brasil! Renascimento!
The Evolution of Life on Earth in One Day
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H2_6cqa2
cP4
O Calendário Cósmico (dublado) - Carl Sagan
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vNJx2SJp
abY
A Evolução Social
SOCIEDADE
INDUSTRIAL
Acesso a bens
produzidos por
outros
1800
1900
1950
SOCIEDADE
PÓS-INDUSTRIAL
Acesso a serviços
prestados por
outros
2000
10
SOCIEDADE
DA
INFORMAÇÃO
Acesso a
informações
geradas por
outros
2020
11
Internet
Celular
Web
-30
-20
-10
Computação Pervasiva
Redes
-40
0
Computador
-50
Banda Larga
Televisão
-70
-5
Rádio
Automóvel
-110
-90
Luz Elétrica
-120
Anos atrás
Telégrafo
Tecnologia
-150
A Evolução Tecnológica
The History of Technology
The History of Technology can be divided
into nine distinct periods of time:
Paleolithic Age
The Middle Ages
Mesolithic Age
The Renaissance
Neolithic Age
Industrial Age
Bronze Age
The Information
Age
Iron Age
The Paleolithic Age
The Old Stone Age or in Greek (palaios – “old”)
and (lithos – “stone”)
Time Period: 500,000 BC – 10,000 BC
Impacts on history:
Improved diet and enhanced
security enabled early humans
to increase the population.
Artifacts:
Stone axes, bone needles, hearth sites
The Mesolithic Age
The Middle Stone Age or in Greek (mesos –
“middle”) and (lithos – “stone”)
Time Period: 10,000 BC – 4,000 BC
Impacts on history:
The gradual domestication of animals
and agriculture led to settled
communities.
Artifacts:
Leatherwork, fishing tackle, stone circles
The Neolithic Age
The New Stone Age or in Greek (néos – “new”)
and (líthos – “stone”)
Time Period: 4,000 BC – 2,300 BC
Impacts on history:
Dependable year-round food supply
enables division of labor and
specialization that spurs invention.
Artifacts:
Spinning/weaving tools, stone plows, sickles
The Neolithic Age
Examples of Engineering Design during the
Neolithic Age:
Mesopotamian engineers used clay
tablets to document irrigation systems.
Babylonian engineers used
mathematical concepts such as
algebra for land excavation
calculations.
Egyptian engineers built
the pyramids.
The Bronze Age
The architectural period that included
combining copper and tin to produce bronze
Time Period: 2,300 BC – 700 BC
Impacts on history:
The use of bronze replaced stone tools
and allowed humans to greatly alter
their environment.
Artifacts:
Bronze jewelry, tools/weapons
The Iron Age
The architectural period marked by
the prevalent use of iron or steel
Time Period: 700 BC – 450 AD
Impacts on history:
Military dominance for cultures that
could produce iron weapons.
The iron-blade plow allowed humans to increase food
production.
Artifacts:
Iron farming equipment/weapons, manuscripts
The Iron Age
Examples of Engineering Design during the Iron
Age:
Greek engineers created the
crossbow and catapult to
conquer territories.
Roman engineers created
aqueduct systems, sanitary
systems, and an extensive
road system.
The Middle Ages
The architectural period after the Roman
Empire. Divided into Early Middle Ages, High
Middle Ages, and Late Middle Ages.
Time Period: 450 AD – 1,400 AD
Impacts on history:
Early Middle Ages – increased
pressure from invasion lead to
depopulation and deurbanization.
The Middle Ages
Impacts on history:
High Middle Ages – the beginning of feudalism,
population increase, and agricultural innovation
Late Middle Ages – famine, plague and war,
often marked by the Black Death,
which killed approximately one-third
of the population
Artifacts:
Improved harness for horses, cast iron,
cannons, mechanical clocks, compass
The Middle Ages
Examples of Engineering Design during the Middle
Ages:
Technology, like the windmill,
produced mechanical labor.
The printing press was used
to share information and
knowledge.
The word “engineer” began to
appear as “ingeniare” or to
design or devise.
The Renaissance / Enlightenment
The architectural period marked by the revival
of classical influence and the sharing of ideas,
or in Italian (Rinascimento – “to be reborn”)
Time Period: 1,400 AD – 1,750 AD
Impacts on history:
Instrumentation enabled scientists to
observe and quantify natural phenomena.
Artifacts:
Telescope, microscope, thermometer
The Renaissance / Enlightenment
Examples of Engineering Design during the
Renaissance:
Leonardo da Vinci was born in
Italy in 1452 and began his career
as an artist, painting and sculpting.
He also designed weapons, buildings,
and machinery.
To learn more, please visit “Exploring
Leonardo” at the Museum of Science:
http://legacy.mos.org/sln/Leonardo/
The Renaissance / Enlightenment
Examples of Engineering Design during the
Renaissance:
Galileo Galilei was born in 1564
and was known as a physicist,
astronomer, and philosopher. He
is best known for his improvements
to the telescope and astronomical
observations.
To learn more, please visit “Galileo’s
Place in Science” at NOVA PBS:
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/galileo/science.html
The Industrial Age
The architectural period marked by the first use
of complex machinery, factories, and
urbanization.
Time Period: 1750 AD – 1950 AD
Impacts on history:
The industrial revolution gave
rise to urban centers, requiring
vast municipal services, creating
a specialized and interdependent
economic life.
The Industrial Age
Impacts on history:
Economic expansion created the
rise of professionals, population
expansion, and improved standard
of living.
Artifacts:
Electricity, automobile, airplane,
radio, television, telephone, rocket
The Industrial Age
Examples of Engineering Design during the
Industrial Age:
James Watt refines the steam
engine for practical use.
Alessandro Volta discovers the
principles for a battery.
Pieter van Musschenbroek creates
the forerunner of the capacitor.
Henry Ford creates the concept
of the modern assembly line.
The Information Age
The architectural period marked by information
sharing, gathering, manipulation, and retrieval.
Time Period: 1950 AD - Present
Impacts on history:
As information becomes more
widely available, increasing numbers
of people will be empowered.
Artifacts:
Integrated circuit, computer, nuclear power,
digital camera
A Lei de Moore
Transistor
Relé
Eletromecânica
Tubo a Vácuo
Circuito Integrado
10+10
Cálculos por Segundo por US$ 1.000
Escala Exponencial
10+8
10+6
10+4
10+2
10
10-2
10-4
10-6
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
31
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Em Processadores
2010 - Ciência,
Tecnologia e Inovação
em Informática
32
History of Light
Lighting Power Per Unit of Energy
1,000,000
100,000
10,000
1,000
100
10
1
Campfire
Animal Fat Lamp
(Australopithecus 1,4 m (Paleolithic 42,000 bc)
bc)
Sesame Oil Lamp
(Babylonians 1,750 bc)
Candles (Greeks,
Romans I bc)
Whale Oil Lamps
(1,800)
Kerosene Lamps
(Petroleum PA, 1,859)
Electric Carbon Lamps
(Edison, 1,882)
Fluorescent Bulb
(1,992)
http://www.edis
ontechcenter.org
/ArcLamps.html
Perguntas
• How did electricity change industry and daily
life?
• What effect did advances in transportation
have on daily life?
Referencias
• © 2013 International Technology and
Engineering Educators Association
STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™
Foundations of Technology