Transcript Unit 8 Ppt 3 (Civil Rights Rulings)

Key Civil Rights Rulings
Civil Rights Movement
• 13 th , 14 th , 15 th Amendments (1865,1868,1870)
Passed during Reconstruction that gave minorities basic rights
• Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Court case that made segregation constitutional; “separate but equal”
• NAACP created in 1909
Organization created to fight for African American rights in the courts
• Great Migration (1910-1930)
Discrimination in South drove many African Americans to northern cities
• Executive Order 8802 (1941)
Outlawed discrimination in the hiring of workers in defense industries
• Executive Order 9981 (1949)
President Truman issues order outlawing discrimination in the military
• Brown v. Board of Education (1955)
Case that outlawed the segregation in public schools in the United States
• Civil Rights Act of 1957
Outlawed discrimination in the hiring of minorities in factories
Segregation in the South
In the years following the ruling in Plessy v.
Ferguson, segregation of all minorities was
commonplace, especially throughout the South.
The Warren Court
Dwight D. Eisenhower nominated
Earl Warren to be Chief Justice of
the United States Supreme Court
Many thought Warren would be a
conservative, but he was not
The Warren Court was an active one
that made numerous key rulings
Key Supreme Court rulings
Reynolds v. Sims (1964):
Voting districts in many
states were unequal. The
case ruled that voting
districts had to be equal
in population. The ruling
established the principle
of “one man, one vote.”
Gideon v.
Wainwright
(1963) :
Defendant in a
state court had
the right to a
lawyer,
regardless of his
ability to pay
Engel v. Vitale (1962):
Court ruled that
public schools could
not require prayer in
public schools
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
Ernesto Miranda was
arrested for raping an 18
year old. He later
confessed to robbery and
attempted rape under
interrogation by police
Miranda had
confessed
without knowing
that he had the
right to remain
silent (5th
Amendment)
Supreme Court ruled
that his constitutional
rights were violated by
the police who
interrogated him
Mendez v. Westminster ISD
The 1947 court case in California that ruled that
segregation of Mexican American students was
illegal without a special state law requiring it.
Delgado v. Bastrop ISD
The 1948 case in which a federal court ruled that
the separation of Mexican American children
based on national origin was illegal. The ruling
forced the integration of Texas schools.
Hernandez v. Texas
Convicted of murder, Pete Hernandez claimed
he was not given a fair trial because no
Mexican-Americans were allowed on the jury.
Hernandez v. Texas
His lawyers appealed and won. The Supreme Court
ruled that Mexican Americans formed a separate
class and were entitled to equal protection.
Hernandez v. Texas (1954)
U.S. Supreme Court case that decided Mexican
Americans and other racial groups had equal
protection under the 14th Amendment.
Fourteenth Amendment
Hernandez v. Texas and Delgado v. Bastrop were
cases regarding Mexican American rights as
citizens under the Fourteenth Amendment.
Sweatt v. Painter
The 1950 case in which Herman Sweatt, a black
man, sued the University of Texas because they
refused to admit him into their law school.
Sweatt v. Painter
The State of Texas created a “separate” black law
school in Houston (what is today Texas Southern
University) to provide blacks a law school.
Sweatt v. Painter
But the U.S. Supreme Court overturned the Texas
court ruling on the basis that separation was
illegal because the new school was not equal.
Sweatt was then allowed to enroll at UT-Austin.
Brown v. Board
of Education
The cases of Mendez v. Westminster, Delgado v.
Bastrop, and Sweatt v. Painter laid the foundation
for one of the landmark decisions in U.S. History…
Brown v. Board of Education
(1954)
The parents of black girl named Linda Brown
sued the Topeka, Ks. school board for the right
to go to the school of her choice – and WON!
Effects of Brown v. Board
Decision overturned the ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson
and ended the policy of “separate but equal.”
Effects of Brown v. Board
Supreme Court ruled segregation of public schools was
unconstitutional. The ruling gave improved educational
opportunities to African Americans. The ruling gave
improved educational opportunities to African
Americans
Key Civil Rights Rulings
• 14 th Amendment Ratified
Ratified in 1868, it said citizenship cannot be denied on basis of race
• Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Court case that made segregation constitutional; “separate but equal”
• Mendez v. Westminster
Ruled Mexican Americans were entitled to 14th Amendment protection
• Delgado v. Bastrop
Ruling that said that segregation of Mexican American children is illegal
• Sweat v. Painter
Court case which said that separate facilities were not equal
• Brown v. Board of Education
Made segregation in public schools unconstitutional in the U.S.
Effects of Brown v. Board
• It overturned Plessy v. Ferguson
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• It made policy of “separate but equal” unconstitutional
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• It ended the segregation of public schools in the U.S.
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• It gave minorities equal educational opportunities
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Edgewood ISD v. Kirby
The landmark case in Texas education that
redistributed property taxes to poorer districts,
which in turn led to "Robin Hood" legislation.
Which of the following was the immediate result of
the Supreme Court’s decision in Brown v. Board of
Education of Topeka ?
A.
The all-white primary was declared
unconstitutional.
B.
States were permitted to adopt Jim Crow
laws.
C.
Poll taxes were upheld as a legitimate
restriction on voting.
D.
Public schools were ordered to
desegregate.
One result of the U.S. Supreme Court decision in
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was:
A. African American schools were made
equal to schools for whites
B. improved educational opportunities for
African Americans
C. African Americans were segregated
from whites in public schools
D. the establishment of the U.S.
Department of Education