Transcript The Civil rights Movement

The Civil
Rights
Movement
In the
Courts
Supreme Court ruled
segregation of public
schools was
unconstitutional
Ruling gave improved
educational opportunities
to African Americans
NAACP attorney
Thurgood Marshall
(center) argued the
case to end
segregation
Marshall later became the first African
American on the U.S. Supreme Court
African American girl
sued for the right to go
to the school of her
choice – and WON!
Ruling overturned the
ruling in Plessy v.
Ferguson case and
outlawed segregation
in public schools
In 1957, a federal court
ordered the integration of
Little Rock Central High
The local NAACP picked
out nine African Americans
to attend the school
Arkansas Governor Orville
Faubus sent in the National
Guard to “keep the peace”
On their first attempt to enter
the school, the black students
were denied entrance
Only one of the “Little Rock Nine”
graduated, but the incident raised
national awareness about the
discrimination in the South
The Little Rock Nine
U.S. President Dwight
D. Eisenhower called in
federal troops to
enforce the Supreme
Court ruling
James Meredith is denied
admission into Ole Miss
President Kennedy sends
500 federal marshals to
escort Meredith and make
sure he was allowed to
attended classes
Wallace fights segregation
Alabama governor George
Wallace blocks the
entrance to keep two black
students from enrolling at
the University of Alabama
President
Kennedy
sends federal
marshals to
enforce the
federal law
George Wallace
"The President wants us to
surrender this state to Martin
Luther King and his group of
pro-Communists who have
instituted these demonstrations."
A federal court case that challenged racial
segregation in Orange County, California schools.
The United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth
Circuit, ruled that the segregation of Mexican and
Mexican American students into separate
"Mexican schools" was unconstitutional.
In 1948, LULAC filed suit against the Bastrop ISD and three
other districts. The suit charged segregation of Mexican
children from other white races without specific state land in
violation of the attorney general's opinion.
The court agreed and ordered the cessation of the separation
of Mexican children from other white races. However, the
court did allow separate classes on the same campus, in the
first grade only, for language-deficient or non-Englishspeaking students.
A U.S. Supreme Court case that successfully
challenged the "separate but equal" established by the
1896 case Plessy v. Ferguson. Heman Marion Sweatt,
was refused admission to the School of Law of the
University of Texas, on the grounds that the Texas State
Constitution prohibited integrated education.
The Supreme Court ruled that the equal protection
clause required Sweatt's admission to the University of
Texas School of Law. Sweatt enrolled at the beginning
of the 1950–51 school year, as did several other blacks.
A landmark Supreme Court case that
decided that Mexican Americans and all
other racial groups in the United States had
equal protection under the 14th Amendment
of the U.S. Constitution. The court ruled
that members of non-Caucasian races must
be allowed on jury-selecting committees
A landmark Supreme Court case.
the Supreme Court ruled that state
courts are required under the
Fourteenth Amendment to provide
counsel in criminal cases to
represent defendants who are unable
to afford to pay their own attorneys.
A landmark Supreme Court decision. The Court held
that statements made in response to interrogation by a
defendant in police custody will be admissible only if
the defendant was informed of the right to consult with
an attorney and of the right against self-incrimination
prior to questioning by police, and that the defendant
not only understood these rights, but voluntarily
waived them.
One of the most groundbreaking trials in the history
of the United States. The case involves 3 minors
who were each suspended from their schools for
wearing black armbands to protest the Vietnam War.
The court ruling allowed individual schools to
prohibit students from protesting if the protest has
the chance to influence a disruptive response.
United States Supreme Court case in which the
Court found that Amish children could not be placed
under compulsory education past 8th grade. The
parents' fundamental right to freedom of religion
outweighed the state's interest in educating its
children. The case is often cited as a basis for
parents' right to home school their children.
Supreme Court case challenging the Texas 1970
legislative reapportionment plan. The Court
invalidated the use of multimember legislative
districts in two Texas counties because the
redistricting plan had operated to cancel out or
minimize the voting strength of Black and
Mexican American communities.
A landmark case concerning public school
finance. The plaintiffs charged that the state's
methods of funding public schools violated the
state constitution, which obligated the state to
provide an efficient and free public school system.
In 1989 the Texas Supreme Court delivered a
decision that sided with the Edgewood plaintiffs
and ordered the state Legislature to implement an
equitable system by the 1990-91 school year.