Transcript civil rights movements in the 19th century

Warm Up
We will work on the first set of word
on the common word list for this unit.
Civil Rights
Today’s Tasks:
1. Warm Up
2. Groups will read through a copy of the PowerPoint Slides together and begin
completing their personal set of notes.
GROUP ROLES
Member #1: Slide Reader #1
Member #2: Slide Reader #2
Member #3: Slide Reader #3
Member #4: Slide Reader #4
3. Teacher will quickly go over the slides…clarify any content that is not easily
understandable. We will also answer a few questions together as a class.
4. The groups will work on the read-along question together in their new roles.
GROUP ROLES
Member #1: Encourager…keep everyone on track
Member #2: Questioner ….devil’s advocate
Member #3: Group Writer
Member #4: Presenter
CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENTS IN
THE 19TH CENTURY
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Civil Rights – These rights are legal and political rights enjoyed by
the inhabitants of a country. The Constitution and Bill of Rights
guarantee civil rights to citizens and resident aliens of the United
States, but certain groups of people were denied some rights. Blacks,
Native Americans, and women have been denied of their civil rights.
Defining characteristic of the era: The Civil Rights Era in U.S.
History is defined by social changes made by the people using nonviolent, civil disobedience. These practices were advocated by civil
rights leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr.
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Abolitionists
Civil War
Emancipation
Reconstruction
Resistance to the rise of the Ku Klux Klan
Social Characteristics
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13th Amendment – Adopted in 1865, eight months after the war ended, the
amendment forbade slavery in the United States.
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Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) – The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that states can
constitutionally enact legislation requiring persons of different races to use
“separate but equal” segregated facilities. Example of Effects (Facilities such as
bathrooms, theaters, railroad cars, etc. remained segregated and often unequal)
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14th Amendment – declared that all
persons born in the United States
(except Native Americans) were
citizens, that all citizens were
entitled to equal rights regardless of
their race, and their rights were
protected by due process of the law.
(1868)
15th Amendment – one of the
three amendments to the U.S.
Constitution passed during the era
of Reconstruction, granted black
men the right to vote. (1870)
Significant Leaders of Civil Rights
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Booker T. Washington - (April 5,
1856 – November 14, 1915) was an
African-American educator, author,
orator, and advisor to Republican
presidents. He was the dominant leader
in the African-American community in
the United States from 1890 to 1915.
Representative of the last generation of
black American leaders born in
slavery, he spoke on behalf of the large
majority of blacks who lived in the
South but had lost their ability to vote
through disfranchisement by southern
legislatures
W. E. B. Du Bois (William Edward Burghardt)
was an American sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist,
author and editor. Born in western Massachusetts, Du Bois grew up in a
tolerant community and experienced little racism as a child. After graduating
from Harvard, where he was the first African American to earn a doctorate,
he became a professor of history, sociology and economics at Atlanta
University. Du Bois was one of the co-founders of the National Association
for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909.
20th Century (1900’s)
Significant Civil Rights Leaders
Martin Luther King, Jr. – leader of the Civil Rights Movement; preached
nonviolent approach and demanded equal rights for African Americans
 Montgomery Bus Boycott- MLK responded to the incident and was raised to be
the spokesman of the
 “I have a Dream” speech – delivered at the March on Washington; became the
mantra for many involved in the movement; quoted the Declaration of
Independence “all men are created equal…”
 “Letter from Birmingham Jail” – "There are two types of laws, just and unjust,"
wrote Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., from jail in 1963. "One has a moral
responsibility to disobey unjust laws"; the letter is considered by some to be a
classic in world literature. Similar to the Declaration of Independence, which
states that a society has the right to abolish the government if it is not meeting
the needs of the people.
 1968: Martin Luther King Jr. assassination
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Caesar Chavez – Hispanic labor leader and farm
worker who worked for reforms and rights of
migrant workers
Hector P. Garcia – Mexican American physician
and civil rights advocate; Dr. Garcia organized the
American G.I. Forum (1948) initially to improve
veteran benefits and enhance medical attention,
but it soon expanded to address educational and
vocational training, housing, public education, poll
taxation, voter registration, hospitalization, and
employment.
Dolores Huerta- advocate and lobbyist for farm
workers' rights to include migrant workers, also
fought for human rights.
Class Discussion
When you think about this question, please remember that this does not
pertain to illegal immigrant but Hispanic America citizens.
Why would worker’s rights be an important issue to Hispanic people
who work in agriculture?
Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural Worker
Education
Important Civil Rights Supreme Court Cases
Mendez v. Westminster – federal court case that
challenged racial segregation in Orange County,
California schools. The District court held that
segregating “Mexican” and “Mexican American”
students into different “Mexican” schools was
unconstitutional (1946).
Delgado v. Bastrop I.S.D. – U.S. Federal District
Court case that decided the separation of Mexican
American children based on national origin was
illegal; forced the integration of children in Texas
schools, but did allow separate classes for the first
grade only, for language deficient or non-English
speaking students (1948)
Class Discussion
Why aren’t the TAKS/EOC tests not available in
languages other than English?
Vietnamese Neighborhood
<- This map show people who first language
is something other than English and their
locations. Houston ISD has over 100 different
languages spoken in their district.
Spanish Speakers in Texas
Sweatt v. Painter – a young black man was refused admission
to the University of Texas Law School. The State of Texas
delayed 6 months in order to create a “separate” black law
school in Houston. Later the U.S. Supreme Court
overturned the Texas Supreme Court ruling allowing this
action. The U.S. Supreme Court said the separation was
illegal because the school was not equal due to the Equal
Protection Clause; to reach equality you must consider the
quantitative differences and the intangible factors (1950).
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Brown v. Board of Education – argued by Thurgood Marshall in
1954, challenged the “separate-but-equal” philosophy which
fostered inadequate educational systems for blacks. The U.S.
Supreme Court ruled that “racially segregated schools are
inherently unequal” Example of Effects: (Pressured states to
bring an end to state supported segregation of public
facilities) The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that segregation in
public schools was prohibited by the U.S. Constitution.
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Thurgood Marshall – distinguished lawyer,
appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court (1967) and
established a record for supporting the voiceless
American
Class Discussion
Eisenhower ordered the National Guard to escort Linda
Carol Brown to classes everyday in order to enforce the
Supreme Courts decision that segregation in school was
not legal. White parents pull their students out of school for
several months.
Norman Rockwell Painting
8. What do you think it would be like to have to be
escorted my military personnel in order to get to school
safely?
9. What would it be like if not only students stood out
and yelled at you but adult too?
Why do you think
that Federal Troops
were used instead of
city or state police?
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Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) – The U.S. Supreme Court
ruled that students had the right to wear armbands to
school to protest the Vietnam War. It defined the
constitutional rights of students (freedom of speech
protected by the 1st Amendment) Example of Effects
(opened opportunities for interpretation of free speech
to also mean free expression)
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Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) – The U.S. Supreme Court
decided Amish children could not be placed in
compulsory schools past 8th grade because it violated
the parents’ rights to freedom of religion (Free
Exercise Clause) Example of Effects (Prohibited all
states from claiming absolute right to compulsive
education and intrude in how families raise their
children)
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Edgewood I.S.D. v. Kirby – a landmark case concerning
public school finance and discrimination against
students in poor school districts; this Texas case led
to the decision to redistribute property taxes from
wealthy school districts to poorer ones (1993).
Quickly tell your partner about
the story of Robin Hood.
Class Discussion
12. Where does the school district get its money from to fund
programs, buildings, teachers, etc?
13. Do all school districts in Texas have access to the same
amount of funds?
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Title IX – "No person in the United States shall, on the
basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be
denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination
under any education program or activity receiving
Federal financial assistance..." Title IX is best known
for its impact on high school and collegiate athletics.
Head Start and Upward Bound – foster healthy
development of young children from low income
families
Pass out the Group Read Along
Use these photos for the last question on the
assignment.