Transcript World War I - HUNT for MCSHINSKY

Primera Guerra Mundial
Major developments
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As the 1800’s came to
a close, the world
started to see a major
increase in technology.
For thousands of years
humans seemed to be
at a virtual
technological standstill.
But the industrial
revolution brought that
to an end.
On edge
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The late 19th century
saw a huge increase in
industrial and military
power.
Europe was full of
countries hoping to be
the baddest in the
neighborhood. These
rivalries kept Europe on
edge.
Europe strengthens
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Germany’s power increased
and this made France and
Britain nervous.
Turkey’s Ottoman Empire
was breaking up leaving
Serbia more powerful, this
made Austria-Hungary
nervous.
Everyone was nervous, so
they began to form alliances.
Alianza: Alliance
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Alianza: un grupo de
países que se juntan
en pos de una causa
común.
An alliance is a close
association between
countries or other
groups who work
together.
Bbc.com
Alliances
Triple Alliance
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Germany
Austria- Hungary
Italy
Triple Entente
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Britain
France
Russia
Tecnología Militar: Military
advances
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Tanques de combate
Embarco de guerra
Aviones
Gases venomosos
Submarinos
advancements made the
armies very dangerous.
It would take very little to
set each other off.
Tensions lead to breakage
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June 28, 1914; a
Serbian, Garvilo Princip
goes into Sarajevo,
Bosnia and assassinates
Archduke Franz
Ferdinand.
Archduke Franz
Ferdinand was heir to
the throne of AustriaHungary.
WW I begins
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The assassination of
Archduke Ferdinand
made Austria- Hungary
very angry and they
declared war on Serbia,
because the killer came
from Serbia.
This created a domino
effect.
AustriaHungary
Britain
Serbia
France
Germany
Russia
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July 28th, 1914: Austria-Hungary invaded Serbia.
July 28th, 1914: Russia prepares to invade Austria-Hungary
because they were Serbia’s allies.
August 1st, 1914: Germany declared war on Russia and France
(Russia and France were allies) because Germany was
Austria’s ally.
August 4th, 1914: Germany marched through Belgium to attack
France and this brought Britain into the war because they
promised to keep Belgium safe.
Everyone was getting involved. More and more countries
started fighting and the Great War began.
WORLD WAR!
Dos Poderes: Two Powers
Allied Powers
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Serbia
France
Britain
Russia
Italy
Japan
From 1917 U.S.
Central Powers
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Austria-Hungary
Germany
Turkey (Ottoman Empire)
Invasions
The Western Front
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The war was fought
along two primary lines:
the Western Front and
the Eastern Front.
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The Western front ran
from Belgium through
France to Switzerland.
http://media-2.web.britannica.com
War Fronts
The Eastern Front
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Ran from the Baltic Sea to the
Black Sea.
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These two lines barely moved
at all!!! The armies were
unable to take over enemy
land because trench warfare
and other technologies made it
difficult.
La guerra de trincheras: Trench
Warfare
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Guerra que es lucharo de
trincheras.
War that is fought from
trenches dug underground.
Trench warfare was very
deadly and the armies made
very little ground.
Trench warfare was necessary
because technology made
fighting out in the open
impossible.
Yikes…
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When soldiers left the trenches
to fight, many were killed
immediately and often the
attack only led to a few feet
gain on the enemy.
A few feet of land was often
won only after thousands of
troops died.
Isolationism: Aislacionismo
La idea que Los Estados
Unidos no debes interferir en
los problemas políticas de
Europa.
 Isolationism was the idea that
the United States should stay
out of European alliances and
wars.
 The United States sent aid to
both sides with the
understanding that the U.S.
would not be dragged into the
war.
http://www.u-s
history.com/pages/h1601.html
President Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson became
president of the United States
in 1912.
He did his best to keep the United
States out of the war.
He was forced to join the war in
1917.
Created the 14 Point Plan for
peace. With his plan he made
the plea for peace.
WoodrowWilsonfacts.com
U-boats
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Germany was using a
tactic they called
unrestricted submarine
warfare. Germany
warned the United States
that all ships within British
waters could be attacked.
They were not kidding.
The United States enters the war.
Lusitania May 7th, 1915
Zimmerman Telegraph
Lusitania
May 7th, 1915
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Germany’s policy of
unrestricted submarine warfare
led to the sinking of a civilian
ship called the Lusitania.
128 Americans were killed.
The United States was starting
to anger. Since we were
neutral, Germany was to leave
us be.
Zimmerman Telegraph
February 1st, 1917
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The British discovered a
telegram from the German’s
foreign secretary to Mexico
stating that if Mexico helped
Germany then they would
return the favor by helping
them get back Texas and other
parts of the U.S. that Mexico
lost during a previous war.
The United States prepares for war.
Timeline
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4/06/1917 President Wilson
asks congress for permission
to go to war against Germany.
5/18/1917 The United States
passes the Selective Service
Act, giving the government the
right to draft people into the
army.
7/3/1917 The Americans arrive
in France.
Creating an Army
War takes time….
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America was not prepared for
war. Soldiers needed to be
trained, tanks needed to be
built as did planes and other
weapons. America did not
have a large military but it did
have money along with a
willing population that did what
was needed.
The Selective Service Act: 24
million men were placed in the
lottery and about 2 million were
drafted and sent to Europe.
Doughboys
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American men who
were part of the
infantry (men who
fought on foot) were
called doughboys.
Some believe the
name came from the
large white buttons
they wore on their
uniforms.
African Americans
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369th Infantry was on all black
regiment that was sent to
France. They had to deal
with a lot of prejudice. Many
American soldiers did not
want to fight alongside them.
Black units were often sent to
the front to dig the trenches.
The 369th saw more time on
the front lines than any unit.
Many members of the 369th
earned French military
awards for their bravery under
fire.
Women
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This was the first
American War where
women were allowed to
be involved.
Women did not receive
much respect.
They were nurses,
office workers,
switchboard operators.
It was becoming
apparent that they were
useful and capable.
Just in time…
Home front
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The citizens left
behind in the United
States also made
many sacrifices.
War Bonds
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War bonds were loans in
which citizens loaned
money to the government
in order to pay for the war.
The government went to
great lengths to convince
people to purchase war
bonds.
You were considered
unpatriotic if you did not
buy war bonds.
Even the poorest bought
war bonds.
Scrimping..
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Europe was suffering greatly
because so many were at war.
Food and fuel were scarce so
the U.S. sent them the needed
supplies. This made supplies
short in the States and prompted
Americans to regulate their diets
and energy use.
Wheatless Mondays and
Wednesdays
Meatless Tuesdays
Porkless Tuesdays and
Saturdays
There were also heatless and
lightless days.
Victory gardens
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Because food had to
be sent overseas,
citizens were
encouraged to grow
vegetable gardens to
feed their families.
Women at work
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Because so many men were
at war, it became necessary to
find others to fill the factory
positions. Tanks, weapons
and ammunition had to be
made and someone had to do
it.
Women were called to work.
Women had to change their
traditional role from working in
the home to working in
factories on farms and even in
offices.
This was a huge turning point
for American women.
“Over
There”
Over There
Johnnie, get your gun,
Get your gun, get your gun,
Take it on the run,
On the run, on the run.
Hear them calling, you and me,
Every son of liberty.
Hurry right away,
No delay, go today,
Make your daddy glad
To have had such a lad.
Tell your sweetheart not to pine,
To be proud her boy's in line.
(chorus sung twice)
Johnnie, get your gun,
Get your gun, get your gun,
Johnnie show the Hun
Who's a son of a gun.
Hoist the flag and let her fly,
Yankee Doodle do or die.
Pack your little kit,
Show your grit, do your bit.
Yankee to the ranks,
From the towns and the tanks.
Make your mother proud of you,
And the old Red, White and Blue.
(chorus sung twice)
Chorus
Over there, over there,
Send the word, send the word
over there That the Yanks are coming,
The Yanks are coming,
The drums rum-tumming
Ev'rywhere.
So prepare, say a pray'r,
Send the word, send the word
to beware.
We'll be over, we're coming
over,
And we won't come back till it's
over
Over there.
Flying Aces
Germany’s Red Baron
America’s Eddie
Rickenbacker
Unrest
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The war was so bloody and the
armies were gaining so little
ground that the soldiers were
starting to revolt.
The Germans try to get as far
as they can before too many
American’s show up to help.
It does not work and the
Germans are forced to retreat.
Mutinies/ Surrender
Mutiny
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German forces start to mutiny
after they were continuously
asked to fight unwinnable
battles.
Mutiny: to go against a leader
The Eleventh Hour
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At eleven o'clock on the
eleventh day of the eleventh
month of 1918, the war ends
as Germany and Allies sign an
Armistice.
11:00; 11/11/1918
Up until a 10:59 the fighting
continued and at 11:00 exactly
an eerie silence spread across
the battlefields as the fighting
stopped.
Armistice: Armisticio
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Un acuerdo cuando dos
grupos decidir a un alto de
fuego.
An armistice is when two
armies agree to a ceasefire.
Treaty of Versailles
Paris Peace Conference
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The Allied powers met in
January of 1919 and officially
declared peace.
They created the Treaty of
Versailles which placed the
blame of WWI solely upon
Germany. Germany was
responsible for starting the war
and thus was required to pay
for everything.
Consequences of war